枯草芽胞杆菌是一种生物安全的革兰氏阳性细菌，在营养匮乏的环境下，可形成具有强抗逆性的芽胞。枯草芽胞杆菌的芽胞由核心、皮层、孢子外套蛋白三部分组成，目前已成功利用枯草芽胞杆菌芽胞外套蛋白CotB、CotC、CotG、CotX和OxdD为载体，将酶蛋白、抗原蛋白或荧光标记蛋白等展示于芽胞表面。芽胞表面展示的蛋白通常具有较好的稳定性、易于纯化和安全性好等优点，可应用于医药、食品及饲料工业等领域，具有较大的应用前景。详细介绍了枯草芽胞杆菌芽胞的分子特点及芽胞表面展示系统的构建过程及其应用前景，为芽胞表面展示载体的基础及应用研究奠定基础。

Bacillus subtilis is Gram-positive bacteria with biological safy. It can form spores with strong stress resistance in poor nutrient environment. The spore of Bacillus subtilis consists of 3 parts including the core, cortex and spore coat protein. Recently, the Bacillus subtilis spore coat proteins, such as CotB, CotC, CotG, CotX and OxdD, have been successfully used as vectors to display the antigen proteins, enzymes or reporter protein on the spore surfaces. The recombinant proteins on Bacillus subtilis spores usually have many advantages, such as good stability, easy purification and safety. Therefore, they can be used in medicine, food and feed industry, and other fields. It has a great application prospect. This review introduced in detail the molecular characteristics of Bacillus subtilis spores, the construction process of the expressive system on spore surface and its application prospect. Thus, the paper provided a foundation for the basic and applied research about spore surfa

为进一步鉴定、分析和评价分离于鸡粪便的13株芽胞杆菌,根据枯草芽胞杆菌16SrRNA序列设计特异性引物,PCR扩增13株分离于鸡粪便的芽胞杆菌,将扩增片段测序并分析同源性;将鉴定的枯草芽胞杆菌进行耐酸、耐胆盐、耐高温等试验,同时用不同剂量菌液分别以不同方式感染小鼠,定期称重、观察各脏器病理变化和计算主要脏器系数。结果显示,Q04、Q05、Q09与GenBank公布的枯草芽胞杆菌16S rRNA序列同源性为99%,且Q04在pH2.5,胆盐浓度2g/L以及100℃时生长良好;感染小鼠全部健康存活,体重均有增加;小鼠脏器无病变,脏器系数无显著差异(P0.05)。由结果可知,分离鉴定菌株Q04、Q05、Q09为枯草芽胞杆菌,其中Q04具有更好的生物学特性,并且对小鼠安全无毒,可作为微生态制剂的候选菌株。

In order to identify,analyze and evaluate 13 Bacillus strains isolated from chicken feces,the primers were designed according to the 16 S rRNA sequences of Bacillus subtilis .The 13 Bacillus strains were amplified by PCR,and the amplified fragments were sequenced and analyzed for homologies.The identification of Bacillus subti-lis was conducted by acid,bile and high temperature resistance tests.The mice were infected with different doses of bacteria with various ways,and weighed regularly.The pathological lesions of various organs were observed and the main organ coefficients were calculated.The results showed that the homologies of Bacillus subtilis 16 S rRNA sequences of Q04,Q05,Q09 were 99% compared with that in GenBank.The Q04 grew well in pH2.5,bile salt concentration of 2 g/L and 100 ℃.The infected mice all survived healthily,their weights increased.There were no pathological lesions in organs,and the organ coefficients had no significant differences (P>0.05).In conclu

试验以柿子为基料，对l株枯草芽胞杆菌的发酵培养基进行了优化。结果表明，成熟柿子匀浆100g/L、大豆粉20g/L，接种量5％，37℃培养24h，活茵数可达4．7×1010cfu／mL。

Persimmon was selected as base material to optimize the fermentative medium of one strain of Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that the viable bacteria number was up to 4.7 ×1010 cfu/mL when the culture medium contained ripe persimmon homogenate 100 g/L, 20 g/L soybean meal, 5%inoculum amount after culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 37℃.

采用PCR技术从致羔羊脑炎粪肠球菌XJ05基因组中扩增得到LuxS基因的全序列,对其进行分析,同时与其他细菌相应基因序列及编码的氨基酸进行同源性分析;构建该基因的原核表达载体,对表达蛋白进行鉴定。结果显示,该粪肠球菌XJ05的LuxS基因全长459bp,编码152个氨基酸,具有功能序列HXXEH,核苷酸同源性与GenBank上的枯草芽胞杆菌和粪肠球菌V583同源性最高,分别为61.2%和100%;构建的重组质粒经诱导后表达分子质量为20ku的蛋白质,Western blot检测显示特异性条带。说明XJ05的luxS基因与肠球菌V583和枯草芽胞杆菌亲缘关系较近,表达的重组蛋白具有良好的反应原性。

LuxS gene was amplified from the chromosomal DNA of Enterococcus faecalis XJ05 inducing lamb encephalitis with PCR,the fragments were sequenced and analyzed and compared with the corre-sponding sequences in GenBank.The prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and the recombinant proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.The full-length gene was 459 bp,the higher ho-mologies were 61.2% and 100% compared with Bocillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis V583.The gene encoded 152 amino acids and had a high conservation HXXEH and the expressed product was 20 ku,West-ern blot showed a specific band.The results indicated that LuxS gene of XJ05 has similar relationship with that of Bocillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis V583,and the recombinant protein had good immunoge-nicity.

茶多酚中的儿茶素是很强的天然抗氧化剂,对微生物具有较强的抑制作用.以草生欧文氏杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽胞杆菌以及大肠杆菌作为实验对象,采用DPPH法、滤纸圆片法、平板计数法测定得出茶多酚溶液在pH为4~6的范围内有较好的抑菌效果;氧化前儿茶素、酸性氧化组分EOFB、中性氧化组分EOFA都有抑菌效果;最佳抑菌质量浓度为5 g/L,最低抑菌质量浓度为2 g/L.

Catethin from tea polyphenols is an efficient natural antioxidant that can inhibit the growth of the microbial.E.herbicola, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis and E.coli were taken as main targets.Methods of DPPH, filter paper disk and plate counting were adopted to examine the bacteriostasic activity .Tea polyphenols show the best bacteriostatic activity when pH is in the range of 4 to 6.The experimental results indicate that non-oxidative , acidic oxidative and neutral oxidative catethin exhibit certain antibacterial activity .And the optimal anti-bacterial concentration is 5 g/L;the minimum antibacterial concentration is 2 g/L.