采用纯培养和混合培养方法，结合调制叶绿素荧光测定技术，研究了硝磺草酮对微囊藻和四尾栅藻光合作用及种间竞争的影响。结果表明：0.5~10 mg·L-1硝磺草酮降低了微囊藻和四尾栅藻的最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）和快速光曲线（RLCs）拟合参数（Ik、α、ETRmax），降低幅度与硝磺草酮浓度正相关；处理14 d时，Fv/Fm、Ik、α、ETRmax水平均达到暴露以来最小值，表明微囊藻和四尾栅藻在硝磺草酮处理期间未表现出恢复趋势。对比2种藻荧光参数变幅可知，硝磺草酮对四尾栅藻各荧光参数影响大于微囊藻，表明四尾栅藻的敏感性高于微囊藻。混合培养实验结果显示对照组微囊藻同四尾栅藻相比处于竞争劣势，而5、10 mg·L-1硝磺草酮处理时，微囊藻在与四尾栅藻的种间竞争中逐渐占据优势，且在微囊藻与四尾栅藻初始接种体积比为1∶3的混合培养体系中表现出最强的竞争力。较高浓度的硝磺草酮可使微囊藻由原劣势地位转为逐渐占据竞争优势，故硝磺草酮对水体中蓝藻水华的爆发具有潜在的促进作用。

Mesotrione(2-[4-methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione)belongs to the triketone family and has been widely u-tilized to control a wide range of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in maize production. It has been detected in the aquatic environ-ments and may have negative impacts on aquatic organisms. In the present study, mono-culture and mixed-culture experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of mesotrione on the photosynthesis and species competition of Microcystis sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda. Mesotrione at 0.5~10 mg·L-1 decreased the Fv/Fm, Ik,αand ETRmax in both Microcystis sp. and S. quadricauda, with significant correlation found between such decreases and mesotrione concentrations. On the 14th day of exposure, all fluorescence parameters reduced to the mini-mum values at 10 mg·L-1. Mesotrione had greater effects on the fluorescence parameters in S. quadricauda than in Microcystis sp. Under control conditions, S. quadricauda was domi

利用城市污水培养能源微藻可以实现水质净化和生物质生产的耦合,备受关注。生物质生产效率较低是限制其大规模应用的主要因素之一,混合培养是提高微藻生物质产率的一种潜在方法。为筛选出城市二级出水条件下合适的能源微藻混合藻种,考察了二级出水条件下3株高含油脂藻种栅藻LX1(Scenedesmus sp.LX1)、椭圆小球藻YJ1(Chlorella ellipsoidea YJ1)和雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvislis)单一藻种和两两混合培养时的生长特性,比较了各微藻单一藻种及两两混合培养时的生长特性参数及生物质产量。研究结果表明,3种微藻的两两混合组合均能在二级出水条件下正常生长,各微藻干物质量浓度在第10天左右均能达到100 mg·L-1左右。与栅藻LX1和椭圆小球藻YJ1相比,雨生红球藻在两两混合培养条件下表现出更高的藻细胞干物质量浓度增长趋势。3种微藻的内禀生长速率均显著高于各自的单一培养,栅藻LX1和雨生红球藻混合培养时分别达到最高内禀增长速率(分别为1.36 d-1、0.97 d-1)。栅藻LX1与雨生红球藻混合培养时比生长速率分别为0.59d-1和0.42 d-1,分别比栅藻LX1和雨生红球藻的单一藻种培养提高了36%、9.0%。与单一藻种相比,混合培养促进了微藻的生物质产量,栅藻LX1和雨生红球藻混合藻种的生物质产量(277 mg·L-1)分别比栅藻LX1、雨生红球藻的单一藻种培养提高了64%和42%。栅藻LX1与雨生红球藻藻种组合具备作为二级出水条件下能源微藻培养合适混合藻种的潜力。

Energy microalgae cultivation in wastewater system is very promising for the combination of water purification and energy production. The coupled technology is limited by low biomass productivity of microalgae in wastewater. Mixed culture of specific energy microalgae is a potential solution to address the problem. In order to find out the proper mixed microalgae strains, Scenedesmussp. LX1,Chlorella ellipsoidea YJ1 andHaematococcus pluvisliswere chosen to study the growth characteristic among different microalgal species combinations under secondary effluent of domestic wastewater. Comparisons of the growth characteristic and biomass productivity were conducted among different microalgal species combinations. The results indicated that different microalgal species combination ofScenedesmus sp. LX1,Chlorella ellipsoideaYJ1 and Haematococcus pluvialis can grow well, with biomass of every microalgae growing up to 100 mg·L-1 on day 10. Compared withScenedesmus sp. LX1 andChlore

为了解有机磷农药乙酰甲胺磷污染对本土水生敏感性物种斜生栅藻（ Scenedesmus obliquus）的毒性效应，在实验室条件下采用静态毒性试验，研究了乙酰甲胺磷对斜生栅藻96 h急性毒性效应，并在急性试验基础上进行慢性试验，分析了斜生栅藻连续染毒14 d的叶绿素质量浓度、可溶性蛋白质量分数以及丙二醛（ MDA）质量摩尔浓度的变化．结果表明：乙酰甲胺磷的96 h EC50为482.9 mg/L，属低毒农药，但在1 mg/L低质量浓度下可促进藻细胞生长；乙酰甲胺磷对栅藻光合作用无明显影响，但可通过干扰藻细胞代谢活动和引起膜脂过氧化反应，对斜生栅藻产生毒性作用；可溶蛋白和MDA可作为有效的生物标志物对农药引起的毒性做出评价．研究结果可为本土水生敏感性物种的保护和农药安全使用标准的制定提供理论依据．

In order to understand the toxic effects of the pollution by organophosphorus pesticide as acephate on the local aquatic sensitive species as Scenedesmus obliquus,under laboratory conditions,based on the static toxicity test, the acute toxic effects of acephate on Scenedesmus obliquus for 96 hours were investigated in this paper. And based on the acute test,the chronic experiments including the 14 days changes of chlorophyll a,soluble protein and MDA in Scenedesmus obliquus were analyzed. It shows that:the 96 h EC50 of acephate is 482.9 mg/L,which belongs to the low-toxic pesticide and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus could be promoted with 1 mg/L of acephate;no signifi-cant effect is showed on the photosynthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus,but the toxic effects are exposed by acephate through interfering the algaes metabolic activities and causing membrane lipid peroxidation;the soluble protein and MDA could be used as valid biological markers for evaluating the toxicity of pesticide. T

为筛选高效复合溶藻菌群，分析了NP23、P25、Am11、混合菌a（NP23∶P25∶Am11＝1∶1∶1）、混合菌 b（NP23∶P25∶Am11＝3∶1∶1）和混合菌 c（NP23∶P25∶Am11＝1∶1∶3）对小球藻、栅藻、惠氏微囊藻、蛋白核小球藻和铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效果。结果表明：对于以小球藻为主体的富营养化水体，混合菌比单菌 Am11的溶藻效果低6％～14．1％；以栅藻、蛋白核小球藻、惠氏微囊藻和铜绿微囊藻为主体的富营养化水体，混合菌 b 和混合菌 a 比单菌 NP23、P25和 Am11的溶藻效果高7．2％～34．7％；混合菌 b 和混合菌 a 的溶藻效果都高于单菌，且在投菌后6 d 内的溶藻率都能达到90％以上。结论：混合菌对混合藻有较好的溶藻效果，可为混合溶藻菌剂的实际应用提供参考。

The algae-lysing effect of NP23,P25,Am11,mixed bacteria a (NP23∶P25∶Am11=1∶1∶1),mixed bacteria b(NP23∶P25∶Am11 =3∶ 1 ∶ 1)and mixed bacteria c(NP23∶P25 ∶Am11 = 1 ∶1∶ 3 )on Chlorella,Scenedesmus, Microcystis wesenbergii , Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa was analyzed to select efficient composite algicidal bacteria.The results showed that:1)The algae-lysing effect of three mixed bacteria was lower than Am11 in the eutrophic water mainly occupied with Chlorella and the descend range was 6% ~14.1%;2)The algae-lysing effect of mixed bacteria a and mixed bacteria b was 7.2% ~ 34.7% higher than NP23,P25 and Am11 in the eutrophic water occupied with Scenedesmus,Microcystis wesenbergii ,Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the algae-lysing rate of mixed bacteria a and mixed bacteria b could be up to above 90% during six days.The mixed bacteria with better algae-lysing effect can be used in practical application.

采用毒性试验标准方法研究了Cd2+与S-异丙甲草胺单独及联合作用对斜生栅藻叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光特性的影响.暴露96 h后,Cd2+和S-异丙甲草胺单独作用对斜生栅藻叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数F0、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Y(Ⅱ)、qP、NPQ和rETR均有一定影响,表明Cd2+和S-异丙甲草胺对斜生栅藻光合作用产生影响,PSⅡ受损,抑制光合作用的原初反应,阻碍光合电子传递的过程,对热能的耗散能力逐渐丧失.Cd2+对斜生栅藻叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数影响要显著大于S-异丙甲草胺的影响,影响程度随有毒物质浓度的升高而增加,光强为231μmol·(m2·s)-1时,空白组Y(Ⅱ)的平均降幅为62.5%,Cd2+处理组随Cd2+浓度的升高平均降幅分别为68.0%、82.5%和100%,S-异丙甲草胺处理组平均降幅分别为66.1%、72.1%和79.6%.Cd2+与S-异丙甲草胺联合作用对叶绿素荧光参数的影响主要是Cd2+的影响.

The single and combined effects of Cd2+ and S-metolachlor on the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Scenedesmus obliquus were studied by using standard toxic testing method. Both Cd2+ and S-metolachlor had effects on the chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters such as F0 , Fv/Fm , Fv/F0 , Y (Ⅱ) , qP, NPQ and rETR after 96 h-exposure, showing that Cd2+ and S-metolachlor damaged the PSⅡin algae, inhibited the primary reaction of photosynthesis, stopped the process of photosynthetic electron transport, and destroyed its ability of heat dissipation. The effects of Cd2+ on the chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters were greater than those of S-metolachlor, and the effects increased with the increasing concentration. The average drop of Y(Ⅱ) was 62. 5℅ in the control group when the light intensity was 231μmol?( m2?s) -1 , and it was 68. 0℅, 82. 5℅and 100℅ respectively in Cd2+-treated groups, and 66. 1℅, 72. 1℅ and 79. 6℅ respe