介绍了圆弧底渠道水力最佳断面计算公式、圆弧底渠道的外切梯形渠道水力最佳断面及圆弧底渠道的实用经济断面,对比了圆弧底渠道与外切梯形渠道水力最佳断面及梯形渠道实用经济断面的有关指标。结果表明:《渠道防渗工程技术规范》规定的U形渠道断面及弧底梯形渠道断面并不是水力最佳断面,且距水力最佳断面甚远,圆弧底渠道水力最佳断面水深通过圆心,而规范规定的U形渠道水深比半径大得多,弧底梯形渠道水深比半径小很多,这样便使圆弧底渠道的优势大打折扣。圆弧底渠道水力最佳断面比梯形水力最佳断面优越,规范规定的圆弧底渠道实用经济断面偏离水力最佳断面较远。

This paper described the formula of the best hydraulic section of round bottoms channels,the best hydraulic section of outer tanfential trapezoid channels of round bottoms channels and practical economic section of round bottoms channels. It compared to round bottoms channels,the best hydraulic section of the outer tanfential trapezoidal channels and economic practical section of trapezoidal channels. The results show that U-shaped channel section and trapezoidal channel section described in Technical Specification of Canal Seepafe is not optimal section,but far from optimal section. The depth of the best hydraulic section of round bottoms channels foes throufh the center of the circle. The U-shaped depth is much larfer than the radius. The trapezoidal depth is much smaller than the radius in specification. This makes the advantafes of round bottoms channels freatly discounted. The best hydraulic section of round bottoms channels is superior to the best hydraulic section of trapezoidal

为了提高水力冲孔技术的消突效果,建立了考虑煤的塑性软化、扩容特性和流变特性的钻孔周围煤体黏弹塑性模型,得到了不同冲煤量钻孔的卸压范围,建立了考虑渗透率动态变化和吸附特征的渗流-应力耦合模型,采用COMSOL软件对建立的耦合模型进行求解,研究了不同冲煤量钻孔的抽放半径,优化了水力冲孔布孔参数。结果表明:在确定水力冲孔布孔参数时,应综合分析水力冲孔的卸压范围和抽放半径,冲煤量为0.5,1.0和1.5 t/m时,卸压范围分别为3.71,4.61和5.8 m,抽放半径分别为3.5,4.3和5.0 m,义安矿平均冲煤量为1.0 t/m,由此确定水力冲孔布孔间距为8.0 m,区域措施效果检验和工作面预测数据表明,确定的布孔参数合理可靠。

In order to improve outburst elimination of hydraulic flushing, the visco-elastic-plastic model of coal around boreholes considering plastic softening, dilatancy and rheological characteristic has been established, obtaining the parameter of relief ranges of different punching coal amount. At the same time the seepage-stress coupling model considering dynamic change of permeability and adsorp-tion characteristics has been established, and the coupling model has been solved by COMSOL software. Drainage radius of different punching coal amount have been studied, and the boreholes space of hy-draulic flushing coal has been optimized. The results show that relief range and drainage radius should be comprehensively analyzed in order to determine boreholes space of hydraulic flushing. When the punching coal amount is 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 t/m, the relief range is 3.71, 4.61 and 5.8 m, and the drainage radius is 3.5, 4.3 and 5.0 m accordingly. Boreholes space of hydraulic flushing is det

针对马堡矿15号煤层瓦斯含量高、煤层透气性差、钻孔施工量大、瓦斯抽采率低等问题，提出以15108综放工作面为试验地点进行水力压裂增透试验来增加煤层透气性。通过对水力压裂增透技术原理的研究，分析了水力压裂试验流程，确定了试验设备仪器、压裂工艺参数，最终成功完成了水力压裂试验。并通过对注水压力的变化分析和试验前后抽采效果的对比，总结得出通过对煤层进行水力压裂，可大幅度提高煤层透气性和钻孔瓦斯抽采效果、增加煤层瓦斯抽采半径、缩短抽采周期，有效解决马堡矿瓦斯治理难题。

Fort against the no .15 coal seam of high gas content , coal seam permeability is poor , large drilling construction , the gas ex-traction rate is low , offering 15108 fully-mechanized caving hydraulic fracturing antireflection experiment was carried out for test site to increase coal seam permeability .Through the study of hydraulic fracturing anti -reflection technology principle , analyses the process of hydraulic fracturing test , determine the technological parameters of test equipment instruments , fracturing, hydraulic fracturing was finally successfully completed the test .And through analyzing the change of water injection pressure and the comparison of extraction effect before and after the test , concluded through the study of the hydraulic fracturing of coal seam , can greatly improve the effect of coal seam permeability and gas extraction from drilling , increasing the coal seam gas drainage radius , shorten the extraction period , ef-fectively solve the horse fo

为了研究水力冲孔钻孔周围煤层透气性变化及分布规律，基于煤层实际赋存条件，采用压力法和含量法对水力冲孔卸压范围进行了现场试验考察。采用RFPA2D-Flow软件模拟分析了水力冲孔钻孔周围煤体应力及透气性变化规律。结果表明：受水力冲孔的影响，孔洞周围形成了半径为5.0~6.0 m的卸压范围，卸压范围内应力在0.038~6.545 MPa之间，在距被考察孔6.8 m处，出现应力集中现象，最大主应力为15.85 MPa，与现场考察结果基本一致。孔洞周围煤层透气性的分布规律与主应力变化趋势相一致。距卸压区域距离不同，煤体最大主应力不同，越靠近孔洞的区域，应力和瓦斯压力下降幅度越大，煤层透气性系数也就越大。

To research the change and distribution rules of coal seam permeability around hydraulic flushing boreholes, based on the actual occurrence conditions of coal seam, the pressure relief range of hydraulic flushing was investigated by using gas pressure and gas content methods in this paper. Addi-tionally, the stress and permeability changes of coal mass around hydraulic flushing boreholes were si-mulated by RFPA2D-Flow Software. The results show that under the influence of hydraulic flushing, the pressure relief range with the radius of 5.0~6.0 m are formed around the borehole, and the stress within this area changes from 0.038 MPa to 6.545 MPa. Meanwhile, in the place about 6.8 m away from the reviewed borehole, stress concentration phenomenon is observed. The maximum principal stress is 15.85 MPa, which is basically consistent with the field investigation results. Furthermore, the distribu-tion regulation of coal seam permeability around borehole is similar to the change trend of prin

为减小液力透平各过流部件的水力损失,提高液力透平的效率,在不同蜗壳进口截面下将一单级液力透平蜗壳的基圆作为一环线,计算沿该环线的切向速度值,根据基圆半径计算出相应的速度矩,并在环线上分别设置4个监测点,利用ANSYS软件计算监测点处的速度矩随流量的变化规律,最后研究蜗壳进口截面对各过流部件水力损失的影响。结果表明：所选液力透平的蜗壳最佳进口直径为65 mm,改进后液力透平的效率比原设计下的效率提高了1．83%,且在该蜗壳进口下叶轮进口的速度矩波动幅值最小；随着蜗壳进口直径的增加叶轮进口的速度矩逐渐减小,蜗壳收缩管的收缩率逐渐增加,收缩管中的水力损失逐渐减小。

The diffusion tube of volute outlet becomes the shrinkable tube of hydraulic turbine when centrifugal pump acts as hy-draulic turbine. The energy loss between the diffusion tube and shrinkable tube is different, as well as the effect of the shrinkable tube of different shrinkage rate on hydraulic loss and velocity torque of hydraulic turbine. In order to reduce hydraulic loss of each the flow components in hydraulic turbine and improve the efficiency of hydraulic turbine, the base circle of volute of a single stage hydraulic tur-bine is regarded as a loop line under the different entrance section. The tangential velocity along the loop line is calculated. Corre-spondingly, the velocity torque is work out with the radius of base circle. Four monitoring points in the loop are set up. At the points, the velocity torque varies with the flow rate. The varieties are analyzed with ANSYS software and effect of the entrance section of volute on hydraulic loss of each the flow componen