水热溶剂热法是合成材料的重要方法，针对材料科学与工程专业开设水热溶剂热法实验具有重要的意义。文章探讨水热溶剂热法实验开设的必要性、水热溶剂热法的原理和特点、具体的实验教学内容、模式和实验结果。

Hydrothermal/Solvothermal method is an important method of synthesis materials. For materials sci-ence and engineering,it is important to offer Hydrothermal/Solvothermal synthesis experiment. This paper dis-cussed the necessity of Hydrothermal/Solvothermal synthesis experiment,the principles and characteristics of Hydrothermal/Solvothermal synthesis method,experimental teaching contents and model,and experimental re-sult.

采用水热法、柠檬酸络合法、模板水热法和固相法合成了不同形貌的BiVO4。利用X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱等手段对产物进行分析表征。将制备的4种样品进行光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验对比，研究用模板水热法制备的产物在外加H2O2条件下的光催化性能。结果表明：4种方法合成的产物均为单相单斜，形貌有纳米片、微米球等；模板水热法制备的BiVO4光催化活性最高，外加H2O2可以显著提高BiVO4的光催化活性。

BiVO4 with different morphologies was prepared by hydrothermal method,citric acid complex method,template hydrothermal method,and solid ? state method. X ? ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope and UV?Vis diffusion reflectance spectra were used to characterize the as?synthesized BiVO4. The photocatalytic properties of the BiVO4 prepared by four methods were compared by photodegradating methylene blue. The photocatalytic properties of the BiVO4 prepared by template hydrothermal method were measured using H2O2 as a cocatalyst. Results show that the as?prepared products of the four methods are of single phase and monoclinic with shapes of nanoplates and micron balls,the BiVO4 prepared by template hydrothermal method has the highest photocatalytic properties,and the photocatalytic properties are greatly improved when using H2O2 as a cocatalyst.

羟基磷灰石由于具有优良的生物相容性和生物活性而被广泛应用于骨组织修复和替代领域。而磷灰石的不同微观结构对其力学性能和生物学性能具有较大的影响,因此对其微结构的控制显得至关重要。水热法是人为构建高温高压的密闭环境,通过添加Ca源和P源,在较为极端的条件下合成具有较高的结晶性磷灰石晶粒。受仿生矿化的影响,高分子有机物由于具有磷灰石定向沉积的活性基团,因而被用于水热法制备形貌新颖的磷灰石粒子。综述了近年来不同种类有机物模板运用于水热法的制备方法,探讨了有机物调控磷灰石晶粒形貌和尺寸的规律以及展望了水热法制备羟基磷灰石发展趋势。

Due to the excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity,hydroxyapatite (HA)has been widely used in the fields of bone repair and substitute.However,the different microstructure has a great influence on the me-chanical properties and biological properties,so it is critical to control the morphology and microstructure of HA.Hydrothermal method is an artificial environment of high temperature and high pressure,by adding Ca and P sources,synthetic crystalline apatite grains have higher crystallinity in the extreme conditions.Affected by bi-omimetic mineralization,organic polymer can be used in preparing novel morphology of apatite particles by hy-drothermal method due to a mount of active groups for apatite orientated deposition.This paper summarized the methods of HA preparation by hydrothermal method using different kinds of organic template in recent years, and discussed the mechanism of organic template to control apatite grain size and morphology and forecasted the development trend of

采用固相球磨-水热法制备了 Mn1.56 Co0.96 Ni0.48 O4纳米粉体，研究了水热反应温度对产物粉体结构和形貌的影响，讨论了固相球磨-水热反应机理。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和直流阻温测试仪对样品结构、形貌和电性能进行表征，结果表明固相球磨-水热法由于结合了固相球磨法和一步水热法的优势，因此可在低结晶温度下获得粒径小、分散度高的四方尖晶石结构纳米粉体。电学性能测试结果表明在193~373 K测试温区内，样品所制得陶瓷材料具有明显的负温度系数热敏电阻特性，材料常数B 值处于3396~3625 K。

The Mn1.56 Co0.96 Ni0.48 O4 nanopowders were prepared by solid-state ball milling hydrothermal meth-od.The effects of hydrothermal temperature on structure and morphology of the powders were studied and syn-thesis mechanism of solid-state ball milling hydrothermal method was discussed.The structure and electrical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),Scanning electron micro-scope (SEM)and direct current (DC)resistance temperature measurement.Because it combines the advantages of the solid ball milling method and one-step hydrothermal method,the solid-state ball milling hydrothermal method can be applied to obtain smaller particle size and high dispersion of tetragonal spinel structure nanopow-ders at low crystallization temperatures.Electrical properties demonstrated that all ceramic samples prepared by the Mn1.56 Co0.96 Ni0.48 O4 nanopowders have obviously negative temperature coefficient characteristics in a wide temperature range

一维纳米材料由于其独特的物理、化学性质和在探针、器件等方面的巨大潜在应用,引起了人们广泛关注.水热法是合成纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米管和纳米电缆等一维纳米材料的有效方法.本文概述了国内外利用水热法制备一维纳米材料的研究进展.

One-dimensional nanomaterials have attracted intensive attention owing to their unique chemical and physical properties as well as the potential application in probes and devices. Hydrothermal synthesis has provided various routes for synthesis of one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts, nanotubes and nanocables. The progress in hydrothermal synthesis of one-dimensional nanomaterials is reviewed.