在总结水质评价方法研究成果的基础上，立足于水功能区管理的实际需求，提出了一种水质评价方法考评体系，进而设计了一种水功能区水质达标评价的新方法---三位水质指数法。三位水质指数既能直观指示水功能区达标情况，又能按单因子评价理念定性评价水质类别，还可定量反映水体综合污染程度，能对同一水体不同时期或不同水体的水质进行比较。基于水质评价方法考评体系，将三位水质指数法与其他5种典型水质评价方法应用于鄱阳湖区典型的水质样本评价中。结果表明，三位水质指数法更加务实简要、易懂易用，建议将其在水功能区水质达标评价管理工作中推广使用。

By summarizing the research achievements of water quality assessing methods and according to the practical require-ments in water function zone management, we put forward a evaluating system for various water quality assessing methods, and propose a new water quality up-to-standard assessment method, i. e. , three water quality indexes method. The proposed meth-od has multiple functions such as illustrating up-to-standard condition of water function zone, judging the water classification quantitatively on the basis of single factor concept, representing the overall water pollution condition quantitatively, as well as comparing water quality of the same water body in different periods or water quality in different water bodies. Based on the pro-posed evaluating system, the proposed method together with other five methods are applied in water quality assessing for Poyang Lake, and the evaluating results show that the proposed new method has advantages of more convenience and practicabili

为评价黄河干流中卫新墩断面近年水质状况及水质变化趋势，文章采用综合污染指数法对新墩断面2004年以来的水质状况进行了分析。结果表明：新墩断面水质达到功能区水质要求，受到轻微污染，水质一般。在此基础上，文章利用GM（1，1）模型，借助Matlab软件，拟合了新墩断面未来水质污染变化方程，得出了新墩断面未来水质将进一步好转的结论。

The water quality of the Xindun section is analyzed by comprehensive pollution index method since 2004in order to evaluate the Yellow River mainstream Zhongwei Xin dun section in recent years ,the water quality condition and water quality change trend ,.The re-sults show that Xindun section water quality can meet the requirements for quality function by slight pollution , water quality general.On this basis, using GM (1, 1) model, with the aid of Matlab software, fitting Xindun section future water pollution change equation , it is conclu-ded that Xindun section water quality will further improve conclusion in the future .

介绍了以城市饮用水的水质监测与评价为目标,Flex Viewer为框架,综合运用WebGIS,Flex,WebService,水质评价模型等技术进行开发的城市饮用水水源地水质监测评价系统。该系统具有地图服务、水质监测、水质评价、统计等功能,监测饮用水源地水质及其变化状况,进行水质评价生成专题图,方便专业人员和社会公众对水质监测成果的直观了解。

The urban drinking water quality monitoring and evaluation system use WebGIS,Flex,WebService, professional Water Quality Evaluation Model, developed with Flex Viewer as the framework, target to monitoring and evaluation of water quality of drinking water sources in the city. This system has that map services, water quality monitoring, water quality assessment, statistics features ,such as monitoring drinking water quality and its change status, evaluate water quality for generating thematic maps, professionals and the public on water quality monitoring results for intuitive understanding.

针对粤西海域海洋水质评价这一问题,依照GB 3097—1997《国家海水水质标准》建立一个由400个站位组成、每个站位包含13个水质指标信息的假设随机样本,利用逐步判别分析法,在随机样本的13个水质指标中按其对水质分类判别能力的大小进行筛选,最终选出化学需氧量、石油类、镉、总磷、总氮这5个具有显著判别能力的指标,并利用这5个指标建立判别函数及水质分类图版,进而克服水质指标数据引入过多对水质评价模型的不利影响。利用上述水质分类图版对粤西海域2010年40个站位的水质状况进行了评价,对比海洋与渔业环境监测站的水质分类结果,其正确率为95%,说明该水质分类图版具有良好的实际应用效果,可作为解决利用多水质指标信息综合评价海洋水质这一问题的有效方法。

To evaluate the marine water quality of West Guangdong Prcvince ,China ,an assumptive random sample comprising 400 stations (at each station there are 13 water quality indicators ) is established according to the Na-tional Water Quality Standards (GB 3097-1997) .The 13 indexes are filtered with a stepwise discriminant analysis method in terms of their water quality discriminant ability .Five indicators with distinguishing discriminant ability are picked out .T hey are a chemical oxygen demand ,oil ,cadmium content ,total phosphorus and total nitrogen .A discriminant function and a water quality classification plate are thereafter established with these five indicators . The method avoides introducing too many indicators to have adverse impact on the water quality evaluation model . T he above w ater quality classification plate is applied to evaluating the marine w ater quality of 40 stations in West Guangdong Province in 2010 .Compared with the result provided by Zhanjiang Oceanic and

休养生息政策对松花江水质影响较大,水质变化明显。工业企业废水和生活污水排放量持续减少,化学需要量、氨氮排放量逐年递减。"十一五"末松花江干流流域水质比"十五"末已有明显的变化。目前,松花江佳木斯江段出境断面Ⅲ类水质出现频率显著增加,松花江干流流域水质达标率升高,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水体比例升高和劣Ⅴ类水体下降。同江江段出境水质达标率从休养生息以来已逐年提高,这进一步表明了松花江水质的改善。

since the implementation of the recuperation policy,water quality of Songhua River has been significantly improved from 2005 to 2010 and the volumes of industrial wastewater and domestic sewages ,COD and NH3 -N,have decreased year by year. Currently,the frequency of water quality in the boundary section of Songhua River in Jiamusi meeting the class III of the national standard,the compliance rate in the main streams,and proportion of branches of class I-III were significantly in-creased,while number of branches inferior to class V dropped.