针对玻璃钢管沿程水头损失计算问题，根据水力学原理，采用公式对比的方法，论证了海曾2威廉公式的合理性，并修正了相关参数；同时以新疆小洼槽倒虹吸为例，利用不同公式计算水头损失值，然后与实测数据比较分析，发现管径小于2000 mm 玻璃钢管的水头损失计算宜采用海曾2威廉公式，沿程摩擦系数采用相应的修正值；管径大于2000 mm 宜选用齐恩公式和达西公式的组合。

As for the calculat ion of friction head loss in the FRP pipe, based on the hydraulics principle, several formulas were compared and the rationalit y of H azen-Williams formula w as demonstrated, and the relevant parameters w ere modified. T he study adopted different formulas to calculate the water head loss in the case of small-trough inverted siphon in Xinjiang. The re-sults of the com parison betw een the calculated and observed head loss suggested that: ( 1) H azen-Williams formula can be used in the friction head loss calculation in the FRP pipe w ith diameter less than 2 000 mm, and the frictional coefficient needs to be modified; and ( 2) the combinat ion of JiEn formula and Darcy formula can be used in the friction head loss calculat ion in the FRP pipe w ith diameter larger than 2 000 mm.

泵站建成运行管理往往需要了解水泵的实际运行工况，即了解水泵运行的工作点，管路系统尤为重要，管路模型有Colebrook-White、Hazen-Williams和固定系数3种，不同模型下计算结果不同，但相差不大。在长距离供水工程中，沿程水头损失是引起压降的主要因素，局部水头损失可忽略不计。借助Flow master平台对乡宁供水工程组建网络模型进行稳态模拟，并对不同管道模型模拟结果进行比较，以期对Flow master平台在供水泵站稳态仿真模拟的应用提供借鉴。

Pumping station management often need to know the actual operating conditions of the pump ,that you need to know at what point pumps work on the performance curve ,piping sys-tem is particularly important ,and different pipe model have different calculation results .In long distance water supply engineering ,the main factor of causing the pressure drop is friction ,and the local head loss can be neglected .With the help of Flowmaster platform ,network model was built to simulate steady-state with different pipe models and to compare the results for the purpose of providing reference for steady simulation application in the pumping station .

应用达西公式、伯努利方程等建立了数学模型,进行压降计算的数值模拟;编写了压降计算程序,实现软件编程模拟,并针对63.5mm(2英寸)油管和76.3mm(3英寸)油管进行压降分析。结果表明:随着管径的增大,流速增大,沿程水头损失与局部水头损失均显著增加,最终导致压降增大;此压降若超过运行条件允许的范围,会造成压裂施工停止、油井停产、管道停输等严重事故,影响正常生产,因此对流体在环空管道中的流动阻力以及压降进行准确的计算至关重要。

By using Darcy formula,Bernoulli equation mathematical model is established,the pres-sure drop calculation of numerical simulation.The pressure drop calculation program was written and the software programming simulation was realized.3 inches for 2 and a half inch tubing and tubing pressure drop is analyzed,with the increase of pipe diameter,flow rate increases,frictional head loss and the local head loss were significantly increased,eventually leading to the pressure drop increases.If the pressure drop exceeds the range of operating conditions,this will cause the fracturing construction stopped,the oil well production,and pipeline,such as serious accidents,af-fecting the normal production.So the fluid in the annular pipe flow resistance and pressure drop for the accurate calculation is of crucial importance.

结合山西中部某引黄工程,采用流体力学的基本原理和特征线法,在泵出口安装两阶段关闭蝶阀和沿管线布设空气阀联合防护措施下,针对输水系统事故停泵引起的水锤问题进行水力过渡分析和计算,得出管线沿程水锤压力和泵出口断面压力变化过程线。结果表明,泵出口安装两阶段关闭蝶阀对高扬程、长距离管道的水锤防护效果较明显,合理控制快慢关时间及角度能有效降低水击压力、机组倒转和倒泄流量。通过调整空气阀的布设位置、口径及进出流量系数,得出在空气阀流入流量系数为0.975、流出流量系数为0.650、口径为450 mm下的水力过渡过程,管路中最大负压水头控制在-1.6 m以内。可见,沿管线合理布置空气阀能有效降低管道负压。

Aimed at the problem of water hammer caused by accidental Pump-stop in pressurize water supply systems,using the fluid dynamics the-ory and characteristics method and combining with a Yellow River diversion project in the center of Shanxi,the paper calculated and analyzed the hydraulic transient process under the conditions of protective measures of installing two-stage closed butterfly valve and air valve. The pressure enve-lope of water hammer along the pipeline and the pressure change process of pump outlet cross-section were obtained simultaneously. The numerical results show that the present water hammer protections to the long pipeline system are effective. The water hammer pressure,the unit upside down and inverted vent flow can be effectively reduced by controlling the two stage valve closing time and closing angle. According to the adjusting posi-tion of air valve,the caliber of the valve and inflow and outflow coefficient to control the negative pressure. It is found that the

论述了响水水电站扩机工程(二期工程)水轮机型式、额定水头、机组台数、水轮机参数的比选过程和最终确定的各参数。

An introduction was made on the comparison of type,rated head,quantity and parameters of turbine and the finally determined parameters for Xiangshui Hydropower Station Expansion Project,or 2nd-stage project.