现有单塞自平衡浮力法下管,塞下充气量较小,并且随着下管深度的增加,塞下空气进一步压缩,提供的浮力逐渐减小,无法满足下管要求。为增加管内储气段长度,设置临时浮力塞。所加临时浮力塞与单塞自平衡下管时的浮力塞处于同一深度,在此处焊接带加强筋的封板作为临时浮力塞,利用常规空管提供浮力。当临时浮力塞上部空管高度达到设计值时,加设混凝土材质浮力塞并充气,随着充气压力的增大,设置在临时浮力塞下部的钢球脱落,空气进入临时浮力塞下部空间。与单塞自平衡浮力法相比,增加了临时浮力塞下这段充气量,因此提供的浮力也增大,从而实现一次性充气下完全布钢管。

Single-plug-buoyancy-method-was-used-to-sink-gas-pipe,-but-space-under-the-plug-was-small.-With-creasing-depth-of-the-gas-hole,-air-under-the-plug-had-been-compressed,-then-the-buoyancy-provided-by-air-decreased-too-much-to-meet-demand-of-sinking-pipe.-To-increase-the-length-of-air-column,-temporary-buoyancy-plug-was-been-made.-This-plug-has-been-placed-same-depth-of-the-single-plug-self-balancing-method-to-sink-pipe.-A-sealing-plate-was-welded-as-temporary-buoyancy-plug,-and-this-method-also-used-upon-empty-pipe-section-to-pro-duce-buoyancy.-When-the-upon-empty-pipe`s-length-reached-de-signed-length,-concrete-buoyancy-plug-was-going-to-be-installed.-And-air-will-be-aerated-into-the-empty-pipe-under-the-concrete-plug,-with-the-pressure-increasing,-the-steel-ball-which-was-placed-in-the-temporary-buoyancy-plug,-exfoliated-into-mud.-Air-was-aerated-into-space-under-the-temporary-buoyancy-plug.-Compared-to-single-plug-self-balancing-buoyancy-method,-tem-porary-buoyancy-plug-has-increased-

在进行系留气球总体方案设计时，剩余浮力的选择直接影响到系留气球气囊和副气囊体积等参数的设计，剩余浮力选择不当将造成研制成本的增加或静平衡特性指标无法实现。因此，对同一系留气球不同剩余浮力，及两种不同体积的系留气球在相同剩余浮力时的静平衡特性进行计算与对比分析。结果表明：对同一体积的系留气球，剩余浮力对系留气球俯仰角、高度损失和水平漂移量影响较大，且剩余浮力越大，其俯仰角、高度损失和水平漂移量越小；随着系留气球体积的增大，剩余浮力对系留气球高度损失和水平漂移量的影响将逐渐减小。

During tethered balloon preliminary design ,the choosing of the residual buoyancy directly affect the parameter design of envelop and ballonet such as volume .Inappropriate choosing will leading to project cost in‐creasing or cannot achieve equilibrium characteristic .Therefore ,the equilibrium characteristic of the same teth‐ered balloon with different residual buoyancy ,and two tethered balloon with different volume at the equal resid‐ual buoyancy are analyzed and calculated .Results show that the same volume of tethered balloon ,residual buoy‐ancy is of greater impact for the pitch angle ,height loss and horizontal drift ,and the larger the residual buoyan‐cy ,the smaller its pitch angle ,height loss and horizontal drift .Along with a tethered balloon volume increas‐ing ,the impact of the residual buoyancy for height loss and horizontal drift will gradually decrease .

文章采用磁粉制动器模拟PTO阻尼研制了浮力摆式波浪能装置的物理模型，并采用有机玻璃制作摆板，采用高速CCD摄像机追踪浮力摆运动过程。通过水槽试验分析了浮力摆的固有周期、波能功率的非线性影响、PTO阻尼特性，并研究了浮力摆摆幅、转换功率和转换效率随波况、激磁电流的变化情况。研究表明：试验波面的非线性对于波能功率的影响不大；各试验工况中装置摩擦阻力矩的幅值基本相等，约为1．5Nm；PTO阻力矩的模拟结果与恒定阻力矩存在较明显差别，波周期对装置的PTO阻尼特性和浮力摆摆幅有显著影响；根据试验结果，在周期5．0s、波幅0．34m的原型海况条件下，激磁电流为0．6A时，装置的转换功率约为14kW，转换效率约为60％。

With the power take-off (PTO) mechanism simulated by magnetic powder brake for the first time, a physical model of bottom-hinged flap WEC (wave energy converter) was developed, in which the flap was made by plexiglass, the pitching process of the flap was followed by a high-speed CCD camera. Natural pe-riod of the flap, nonlinear influence on wave power and PTO damping’s character were analyzed through flume experiment. And the relationships between pitch amplitude, power capture, capture factor and exci-tation currents, wave condition were also studied. The results show that nonlinearity of the wave surface has small effect on the wave power. The friction moments of the model device are almost the same for different experiment conditions, the amplitudes of which are about 1.5 Nm. There is an obvious difference between the simulated PTO moment and the constant resistance moment. Wave periods have significant impact on PTO damping character and pitch amplitude of flap. According to the

利用"西北干旱区陆-气相互作用野外观测实验"加密观测期间在敦煌站的观测资料以及大涡模式,模拟了对流边界层的发展,以及示踪物从混合层向残留层传输的时空变化。模拟的对流边界层的结构及演变特征与实测结果基本一致。进一步通过有风切变和无风切变的敏感性数值试验,研究了风切变对垂直速度、位温和示踪物浓度的水平分布以及示踪物传输高度的影响。研究结果表明,在有风切变的试验中(甚至风切变仅存在于近地层中),对流边界层的增长加强,而且示踪物被传输的高度也较高。与浮力驱动的对流边界层相比,由浮力和风切变共同驱动的边界层中上升气流较弱而下沉气流较强,但前者的上升气流与下沉气流的分布在垂直方向上更为倾斜。由于夹卷作用的增强,浮力和风切变共同驱动的对流边界层较浮力驱动的对流边界层暖。在夹卷层,浮力和风切变共同驱动的边界层对流的上升气流和下沉气流都比浮力驱动的边界层对流中的强,而且垂直速度的概率密度函数分布也较对称,其位温和示踪物浓度的概率密度函数分布也比浮力驱动的边界层中的平直。对湍流动能收支的分析也表明风切变对湍流动能有重要影响,尤其对夹卷层中的湍流动能切变产生项影响较大。示踪物浓度的概率密度函数垂直分布显示,浮力驱动的边界层中示踪物浓度随高度变化较小,而浮力和风切变共同驱动的边界层中示踪物浓度随高度递减,但是示踪物传输的高度比较高。

Using the observations measured in the Dunhuang meteorological station during the intensive period of Land-atmos-phere Interaction Field Experiment over the Arid Region of Northwestern China,together with a large eddy model (LEM),the effects of wind shear on the growth of convective boundary layer (CBL)are investigated,and spatial and time variations of the tracer transport from the CBL into the residual layer are analyzed.The simulated convective boundary layer agrees overall with observations.A series of sensitivity experiments with and without wind shear are performed to understand the effect of wind shear on the tracer transport.In wind shear cases (even wind shear exists near the surface layer),the growth of the boundary layer is enhanced and tracer can be transported to a higher level.Compared with buoyancy-driven CBL,weaker updrafts and stronger downdrafts existed in the shear-buoyancy-driven CBL.However,the simulated buoyancy-driven convection exhibits a more skewed distributio

以双酚A环氧树脂E51为基质原料，甲基四氢苯酐为固化剂，K25空心玻璃微珠为轻质填充物，采用模压成形的方法制备了空心玻璃微珠填充固体浮力材料。研究了玻璃微珠的填充率对体系粘度、浮力材料的密度、抗压强度及耐静水压件能的影响。结果表明，低密度空心微珠的引入，有效降低了固体浮力材料的密度，并且随着玻璃微珠填充量的增大，材料的理论计算密度与实际密度的偏差逐渐变大；浮力材料的单轴压缩强度和耐静水压强度随着空心玻璃微珠填充量的增大而降低，当玻璃微珠填充量超过18％时，材料性能下降幅度增大。

Solid buoyancy materials with different content of hollow glass microspheres was synthesized by molded form-ing,with bisphenolepoxy resin E5 1 as bulk material,methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as the curing agent,hollow glass microspheres named K25 as lightweight filler.The influence of the content of glass microspheres on density,uniaxial com-pressive strength and resistance to hydrostatic pressure of solid buoyancy material was studied.The results showed that the introduction of microspheres with lower density could reduce the density of solid buoyancymaterial effectively.With the in-creasing of hollow glass microsphere content,the deviation between theoretical density and actual density increased,and the uniaxial compressive strength and resistance to hydrostatic pressure of solid buoyancy material decreased.Especially, when the content of hollow glass microsphere exceeded 18%,the decrease amplitude of the uniaxial compressive strength and resistance to hydrostatic pres