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双语推荐：液肥

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通过室内入渗试验,分析了膜孔肥液多向交汇入渗特性,在此基础上,提出了4个膜孔肥液多向交汇入渗模型。减渗量模型建立在膜孔肥液自由入渗参数和减渗量参数已知的条件下,分段函数模型建立在膜孔肥液多向交汇入渗各阶段入渗模型均为幂函数的条件下,增渗率模型建立在膜孔肥液多向交汇入渗相对膜孔清水多向交汇入渗增渗率和清水入渗参数已知的条件下,减渗率模型建立在膜孔肥液单向交汇入渗相对膜孔肥液自由入渗的减渗率、膜孔肥液多向交汇入渗相对膜孔肥液单向交汇入渗的减渗率和膜孔肥液自由入渗参数已知的条件下。经实测资料验证,所提出的4个模型计算精度均较高。
Based on the lab experiment,has analyzed the infiltration characteristics and put forward the four mathe-matical models for the fertilizer solution bilaterally flowing into the film hole .The reducing infiltration model was set up under the conditions that the free infiltration parameters and the reducing infiltration parameters of fertilizer solution flow-ing into film hole has been known .The piecewise function model was set up under the conditions that the infiltration model in each stage was total for the power function .The increasing infiltration ratio model was set up under the condi-tions of increasing infiltration rate that compared the fertilizer solution with the fresh water bilaterally flowing into film hole and the parameters of fresh water bilaterally flowing into film hole has been known .The reduction infiltration ratio model was set up under the condition of reducing infiltration rate compared the fertilizer solution single-line infiltrated into film hole with the fert

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[目的]研究海藻生物有机液肥对不同蔬菜的种子萌发和幼苗生长影响效果。[方法]以不同稀释浓度的海藻生物有机液肥，对黄瓜、番茄、辣椒3种蔬菜种子进行浸种处理和盆栽试验，观察海藻生物有机液肥对蔬菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响效果。[结果]与对照相比，施用600倍稀释的海藻生物有机液肥的黄瓜、番茄种子的发芽率存在显著差异，施用400倍稀释的海藻生物有机液肥的辣椒种子的发芽率存在显著差异；以不同稀释倍数的海藻生物有机液肥浸种处理的辣椒种子的发芽势和发芽指数无显著差异。200、400倍稀释的海藻生物有机液肥对黄瓜、番茄、辣椒幼苗生长的根长、株高、株鲜重、株干重、叶绿素含量、叶面积均有显著提高。600倍稀释的海藻生物有机液肥处理黄瓜种子后，幼苗与对照相比，根长、叶绿素含量、叶面积存在显著差异，但株高、株鲜重、株干重无显著差异。600倍稀释的海藻生物有机液肥对辣椒、番茄浸种后，与对照相比，幼苗根长、叶绿素含量、株高、株鲜重、株干重存在显著差异，但叶面积无显著差异。[结论]海藻生物有机液肥应用蔬菜种子浸种；对提高发芽率和细苗壮苗具有较好的效果。
Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob-serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer-tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved

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笔者分析了沼肥在设施农业中应用的现状及普遍存在的问题,对沼液、沼渣的营养成分进行了分析,提出了沼肥(沼液、沼渣等)的施用方法。
The paper described the situation and problems of the application of biogas manure in facility agriculture ,analyzed the nutritional contents of biogas slurry and biogas residue ,and put forward the application method of biogas manure .

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对青海永浩生物科技有限公司生产的永浩液肥在水稻上的应用效果进行了试验。试验结果表明,永浩液肥水稻浸种处理有明显的增产效果,增产幅度在5%左右。增产的主要原因是每丛穗数和每穗实粒数的增加,另外永浩液肥浸种处理也使水稻结实率提高0.7~7.5个百分点。
Yonghao liquid fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and plant growth regulators, produced by Qinghai Yonghao Biological Technology Co., LTD. The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of Yonghao liquid fertilizer on seed germination and plant development in rice. The results showed that seed-soaking with Yonghao liquid fertilizer obviously increased grain yield by 5%. The main contribution to yield were the increments both in panicle numbers and fertile grain numbers per panicle. At the same time, the Yonghao treatment also increased the seed setting rate by 0.7 to 7.5 percentage points.

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在陕西省铜川市进行了嘎啦苹果喷施含腐植酸叶面肥的对比试验。试验结果表明，喷施含腐植酸叶面肥800倍液、1000倍液，与喷施等量清水（对照）相比，单果重和产量均表现不同程度的增加，增产效果显著；叶片百叶鲜重、百叶干重、叶面积等均增加，经方差分析达到显著性差异水平；春秋梢和苹果可溶性固形物含量也有所增加，但经方差分析未达到显著性水平；经济效益分析结果以喷施含腐植酸叶面肥800倍液处理优于1000倍液。因此，本试验所用含腐植酸叶面肥在嘎啦苹果上的最适宜使用浓度为稀释800倍液。
Contrast test of spraying humic acid foliar fertilizer on Gala apple was conducted in Tongchuan city, Shanxi province. The results showed that compared with spraying the same volume water (CK), weight of single fruit and yield were increased in different extent with humic acid foliar fertilizer at the concentration of 800 times and 1000 times. Moreover, the fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area of 100 leaves were all increased signiifcantly tested by variance analysis. The spring and autumn shoots and the soluble solids content of apple were also increased, while the results were not signiifcant. The economic beneift analysis results showed that the suitable concentration with humic acid foliar fertilizer on Gala apple was 800 times dilution .

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沼液沼渣既是速效与迟效兼备、速效多于迟效的有机肥,又是防治病虫害的无污染、无残毒、无抗药性的“生物农药”.但由于没有沼液沼渣这种液态沼肥的机械化施肥技术和装备,无法施用于田间.同时,由于大中型沼气工程缺乏沼液沼渣的消纳途径,制约了沼气产业的发展.为此本文设计出一种液态沼肥暗灌施肥机械,该机械采用分配器对沼肥进行分配和防堵,一次进地能完成开沟、松土、施肥、起垄及镇压多道工序,减少了拖拉机及罐车进出耕地的次数.同时分析了分配器中沼液沼渣在管道中的流动性,发现其能集中沼液沼渣从总管到分管的瞬时流体能量.最后对施肥机进行了田间试验,结果表明所设计机具通过拖拉机配套牵引能进行沼肥运输、抽排工作.
Biogas slurry residue has the characteristics of continuity and Large quantity.It has also a great difference with conventional liquid fertilizers.A fertilizer machinery used for biogas slurry dark field irrigation is designed based on the physical parameters of biogas slurry,and it can complete the operations of ditching,fertilizing,ridging,the suppression of process at one time.An distributor adopted by the fertilizer spreader can change continuous flow into intermittent flow and concentrate fluid energy,as a result the anti-blocking capability of the flow are improved to some extent.In addition,the maximum stress of fertilizing shovel applied the job force are in the allowable stress range.According to the calculations of the mechanical traction power for the entire fertilizer,DFH X904 tractor can meet the power demand of the fertilizing machinery when operating.

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以辣椒品种中椒7号为试材,研究了沼气肥(沼渣和沼液)在日光温室早春辣椒栽培中的最佳施用方式及效果。结果表明:以沼渣和复合肥为基肥,以沼液作为追肥,能明显改善辣椒植株生物学性状,增加植株分枝量、果实个数以及单果重,提高抗性和辣椒品质。其中以666.7m2基施沼渣1 000 kg、氮磷钾(N∶P∶K=16∶10∶16)复合肥50 kg,追施沼液2 000 kg效果最佳,产量达4 482.24 kg,比对照增产22.63%。
Using pepper variety Zhongjiao 7 as material,the optimum application method and effect of biogas fertilizer (biogas residue and biogas slurry)on pepper cultivation in early spring were studied.The re-sults showed that basal applying biogas residue combined with complex fertilizer and top dressing biogas slurry could improve the biological characteristics of pepper plants,increase branch number,fruit number and single fruit weight,enhance resistance,and improve pepper quality.Among which,basal applying 1 000 kg biogas res-idue and 50 kg complex fertilizer(N∶P∶K=16∶10∶16)per 666.7m2,and top dressing 2 000 kg biogas slurry had the best effect.The yield reached 4 482.24 kg,which increased by 22.63% than that of control.

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在淡灰钙土条件下,利用盆栽试验研究了不同磷素激活剂对春玉米地上部和根系生物产量、磷素吸收累积以及土壤全磷与速效磷含量动态的影响。结果表明：施用有机无机复混肥有利于玉米生长发育,相对于味精发酵液和商品腐植酸,显著促进地上部和根系磷素的吸收累积;不同磷素激活剂对土壤全磷含量动态的影响不大,而土壤速效磷含量动态差异较大,土壤磷素促释效果表现为味精发酵液〉有机无机复混肥〉商品腐植酸。因此,味精发酵液和有机无机复混肥都是比较理想的土壤磷素激活剂,但味精发酵液必须注意合理的施用方法才能达到效果。
Under the light sierozem soil condition, a study was made with pot experiments on the effects of different phos-phorus activator on the shoot and root biomass of spring maize, the phosphorus uptake and accumulation and the dynamic contents of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus. The results showed that the application of organic-inorganic com-pound fertilizer was beneficial to the growth of maize, and could significantly improve the shoot and root phosphorus uptake and accumulation compared with the monosodium glutamate fermentation liquid and commercial humic acid. The effects of different phosphorus activators on the dynamic content of the soil total phosphorus were little. However, the difference of the dynamic content of the soil available phosphorus was relatively large. The soil phosphorus release promoting effect of the monosodium glutamate fermentation liquid was greater than that of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the soil phosphorus release

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为了研究济农腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验，采用不同稀释倍数(800倍、1000倍、1200倍)的济农腐植酸水溶肥对大棚芹菜进行叶面喷施，以磷酸二氢钾与尿素混合水溶液及清水喷施做对照，观察不同处理对大棚芹菜生物性状的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，济农腐植酸水溶肥可以明显改善作物性状，提高作物的产量和经济效益。其中，以叶面喷施800倍液和1000倍液济农腐植酸水溶肥两组处理效果最为明显，株高增加0.8～2 cm，茎粗增加0.2～1.0 cm，单株重增加0.01～0.03 kg，小区产量提高8.99%～10.89%，经济效益显著。因此，济农腐植酸水溶肥在芹菜及其他蔬菜上有广阔的推广应用前景。
The effect of Jinong humic acid water soluble fertilizer on greenhouse celery was studied. Different dilutions of Jinong humic acid water soluble fertilizer, composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, were sprayed on greenhouse celery and water was used as contrast, respectively. The result showed that compared with CK, Jinong humic acid water soluble fertilizer could improve the quality, output and biological characters of greenhouse celery. Especially the treatments of 800 times and 1000 times could increase growth plant height by 0.8~2 cm, adding stalk width by 0.2~1.0 cm, raising plant weight by 0.01~0.03 kg and increasing the yield by 8.99%~10.89%. It showed that Jinong humic acid water soluble fertilizer has wide application prospect in celery and other vegetables.

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为了研究济农腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验,采用不同稀释倍数(800倍、1000倍、1200倍)的济农腐植酸水溶肥对大棚芹菜进行叶面喷施,以磷酸二氢钾与尿素混合水溶液及清水喷施做对照,观察不同处理对大棚芹菜生物性状的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,济农腐植酸水溶肥可以明显改善作物性状,提高作物的产量和经济效益。其中,以叶面喷施800倍液和1000倍液济农腐植酸水溶肥两组处理效果最为明显,株高增加0.8~2 cm,茎粗增加0.2~1.0 cm,单株重增加0.01~0.03 kg,小区产量提高8.99%~10.89%,经济效益显著。因此,济农腐植酸水溶肥在芹菜及其他蔬菜上有广阔的推广应用前景。
The effect of Jinong humic acid water soluble fertilizer on greenhouse celery was studied. Different dilutions of Jinong humic acid water soluble fertilizer, composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, were sprayed on greenhouse celery and water was used as control, respectively. The result showed that compared with CK, Jinong humic acid water soluble fertilizer could improve the quality, output and biological characters of greenhouse celery. Especially the treatments of 800 times and 1000 times could increase growth plant height by 0.8~2 cm, adding stalk width by 0.2~1.0 cm, raising plant weight by 0.01~0.03 kg and increasing the yield by 8.99%~10.89%. It showed that Jinong hu-mic acid water soluble fertilizer has wide application prospect in celery and other vegetables.

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