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双语推荐：烟叶

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含青烟叶是烟叶烘烤实际工作中经常出现的烤坏烟叶。该文从烟叶烘烤实际工作出发,从烟叶成熟度、烟叶运输、编烟和装烤、烘烤工艺操作、烘烤设备和天气因素7个方面分析了烟叶烘烤实际工作中含青烟叶产生原因,并针对性地提出了解决措施,以期为烟叶烘烤提供指导。
Tobacco with green is the badly curing tobacco that frequently occurs in the actual curing work.In this paper,the causes of the tobacco with green had been analyzed from seven aspects which contained the maturity,shipment,tobacco plating methods,loading patterns,curing techniques,curing equipments and weather conditions,and then the corresponding countermeasures were put forward. It could provide references for curing tobacco.

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以正常烟叶为对照,对黑暴烟、黑胫病烟叶、叶斑病烟叶、病毒病烟叶等特殊烟叶烘烤过程中的生理生化指标及烤后烟叶质量进行了分析研究。结果表明,特殊烟叶烘烤前中期水分含量偏高或偏低;黑暴烟烘烤过程中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量都明显高于正常烟叶和其他特殊烟叶,类胡萝卜素/叶绿素(类叶比)变化较小,黑胫病、病毒病、叶斑病烟叶烘烤过程中类叶比的高峰值出现时间早于正常烟叶;烘烤前期特殊烟叶多酚氧化酶活性比正常烟叶高;特殊烟叶烤后碳水化合物含量低,含氮化合物含量高,评吸时香吃味变差、杂气和刺激性加重。
The physiological and biochemical indices of the non-normal leaves of deep green tobacco, tobacco suffered from black shank, leaf spot and virus disease during the flue-curing process were studied by comparing to normal tobacco. The main chemical components and sensory quality of the cured leaves of both non-normal and normal tobacco were also tested. When the leaves were flue-cured, the water loss speed of non-normal tobacco was slower or quicker than those of the normal in the key period. The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids of deep green tobacco leaves were obviously higher than those of the normal tobacco and the other non-normal tobacco, but its ratio of carotenoids and chlorophyll changed little. The peak value of the ratio of carotenoids and chlorophyll of the other non-normal tobacco delayed compared to the normal tobacco. The activity of polyphenol oxidase of non-normal tobacco was higher than the normal tobacco during the early flue-curing period. As for the cured leav

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在优化烟叶结构的基础上,为了合理选取烟叶最佳采收成熟度,达到提质增效的目的,以云南曲靖市麒麟烟区烟叶为对象,研究了不同采收成熟度对烟叶品质和经济性状的影响。结果表明:优化烟叶结构后,中部和下部烟叶成熟采收、上部烟叶完熟采收处理烟叶的物理特性均较好,外观质量最佳,化学成分综合指数最高,协调性最好;烟叶的香气质较柔和细腻,香气量足,杂气轻,刺激性弱,烟气浓度适中,余味干净、舒适。综合分析各处理烟叶品质发现,优化烟叶结构后中部和下部烟叶正常成熟采收,上部烟叶完熟(成熟后推迟5～6d)采收,初烤烟叶能获得较好的综合品质。
The structure of tobacco leaf collected from Qilin ,Qujing ,Yunnan province ,was opti-mized to investigate the relationship between the different harvesting maturity technologies and tobacco quality to get the best maturity and improve tobacco quality and efficiency .T he results showed that flue-cured tobacco of proper mature cutters and lower leaves and over mature upper leaves conferred a good characteristic in the physical properties ,the appearance quality ,compati-bility and combined index of chemical components when the leaf structure was optimized .Moreo-ver ,flue-cured tobacco took on the softer and smoother smoking in aroma ,rich volume ,little un-desirable taste ,weak biting taste ,suitable concentration of smoke and clean and comfortable resid-ual taste .The integrated analysis of the quality and economical traits of tobacco leaves in different treatments showed that the better comprehensive quality and economical traits of tobacco leaves were acquired when cutters and lowe

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[目的]研究烟叶外观等级质量与烟叶内在品质间的关系,为烟叶分级提供一个量化的指标。[方法]以K326为材料,研究初烤烟叶的外观质量和经济性状、常规化学成分及感官评吸质量的关系。[结果]结果表明,烟叶外观质量好的烟叶在经济性状上表现为中上等烟叶比例、均价高;烟叶外观质量与常规化学成分含量之间呈负相关关系,与烟叶的感官评吸质量呈正相关关系。[结论]研究结果为烟叶生产提供了借鉴。
The aim was to study the relation between appearance grade quality and internal quality, provide quantitative standard of grading. [Method] Taking K326 as the materiel, the relation between appearance grade quality and economic trait,normal chemical components,sensory smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco of K326 were researched. [Result] The results showed that good appearance quality tobacco leaves performed higher upper middle tobacco leaves and higher average prices economic traits. There was a negative correlation between appearance quality and the content of normal chemical components,and a positive correlation between appearance quality and sensory smoking quality. [Conclusion] The research provided a reference for tobacco production.

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系统阐述了特色烟叶的内涵、烟叶风格特色与优质的内在关系。基于全国烟叶资源配置方式改革和卷烟降焦减害工作深入开展所带来的对烟叶原料质量需求的变化,提出应强化和彰显永州浓香型烟叶风格特色;根据烟区生产条件和烟叶质量,提出了永州特色优质烟叶开发应采取的策略和技术措施。
This paper elaborated systematically the connotation of characteristic tobacco, the internal connection of style and quality of tobacco leaves. It elaborated specifically the characteristic orientation of Yongzhou tobacco leaves and the necessity of highlighting the style characteristics. Suggestions were put forward at the last part of this paper.

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对2009—2013年国家局对郴州烟叶工商交接等级质量监督数据及其影响因素进行综合比较分析。结果表明:郴州烟叶不同等级间烟叶等级合格率有显著差异,上等烟平均等级合格率低于中等烟,中等烟低于下等烟;中部烟平均等级合格率低于上部烟和下部烟,需求量大、质量好的烟叶等级合格率不高。烟叶等级质量主要受等级纯度、混低、混部位的影响,中部烟叶混低、混部位的比例大于上部烟叶和下部烟叶混低、混部位的比例。该文对提高烟叶等级质量提出了有关建议。
The stock-tobacco grade quality and the causes were analyzed by using sampling data from supervision of grade quality of Chenzhou flue-cured tobacco during indusry/commerce hand-over from 2009 to 2013.The results showed that grades qualified-rate of Chenzhou tobacco leaf was significant respectively between different grades.The average grades qualified-rate of high quality grape leaves was lower than that of middle quality grape leaves.The average grades qualified-rate of middle quality grape leaves was lower than that of low quality grape leaves;average grade qualification rate of middle stalk position was lower than that of the upper and lower stalk position,grade qualified rate of tobacco that were good quality and in big demand was not high.The adulteration with leaves of lower grapes,different groups,and stalk positons had considerable impacts on leaf grade quality.The proportion of mixed of upper stalk position was more than that of lower and middle stalk position.The suggestions

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[目的]探索不同烘烤工艺对不同部位不同成熟度档次烟叶淀粉含量的影响，采取有效技术，降低云南烟叶淀粉含量。[方法]用低温低湿烘烤工艺、中温中湿烘烤工艺、中温高湿烘烤工艺，对 K326上、中、下3个部位的未熟烟叶、初熟烟叶、适熟烟叶和过熟烟叶进行烘烤对比试验，测定烤前、烤后的烟叶淀粉含量。[结果]烟叶淀粉含量随叶位的上升而增加。低温低湿烘烤工艺，对降低烟叶淀粉含量欠佳；中温中湿烘烤工艺极显著地降低了烟叶的淀粉含量；中温高湿烘烤工艺，大幅度地降低了烟叶的淀粉含量。[结论]该研究为优化烘烤工艺技术提供了一定的理论依据。
Objective] The aim was to explore effects of different curing techniques on starch contents of tobaccos from different growth parts and with varying maturity degrees in order to reduce starch content of Yunnan tobacco. [Method] Compar-isons were conducted on tobaccos from upper, middle and down parts (immature, premature, mature and excessive mature) by low temperature and low humidity cur-ing technique, moderate temperature and moderate humidity curing technique, mod-erate temperature and high humidity curing technique to measure starch contents before and after curing. [Result] The results showed starch content of tobacco was increasing upon growth part. Low temperature and low humidity curing technique has poor effects on reduction of starch content; moderate temperature and moderate humidity curing technique improves starch content; moderate temperature and high humidity curing technique dramatical y reduces starch content of tobaccos. [Conclu-sion] With consideration of tobacco ap

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钾是植物生长的大量元素,也是烤烟生长的必需矿质元素,烟叶中钾含量是评价烟叶内在品质的重要指标之一,钾含量偏低或不足,严重影响着烟叶燃烧性和持火力,不利于烟叶产量和品质的提高,同时钾又是参与许多生理生化反应过程的重要元素,因此合理提高烟叶钾含量,对改善烟叶品质、提高烟叶产量、提升烟叶工业可用性具有重要意义.探讨了钾元素对烤烟的综合影响及如何运用外源物质、栽培措施及现代技术等方法提高烟叶钾含量.
@@@@Potassium is essential macro elements to plant and the flue-cured tobacco growth,potassium is also one of important indexes to evaluate inner quality of flue-cured tobacco.the Lower or the insufficient potassium content will have a severe impact on tobacco combustibility and hold fire,and may not favorable to the yield and quality.meanwhile potassium is importance chemical element,involving in many physiological and biochemi?cal reaction process.It is important that the industrial utilization can be improved and also increases the yield and quality of tobacco leaves by raising the potassium content in tobacco.In this paper we mainly discusses the integrated effect of the potassium on tobacco and how to use foreign substances and cultivation measures and methods of modern technology to improve tobacco potassium content.

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为了合理评价和利用河南浓香型烟叶原料，提高河南烟叶的工业可用性，以河南典型浓香型产区的烟叶为研究对象，对浓香型烟叶3个部位烟叶的化学成分含量进行了评价分析，同时基于“中华”卷烟品牌对河南浓香型烟叶原料的烟碱和化学成分协调性指标的具体需求目标，确定了河南浓香型烟叶原料常规化学成分的适宜含量范围。
In order to properly evaluate and utilize the strong -flavor tobacco leaf materials in Henan province , and to increase the industrial usability of the tobacco leaves , the author evaluated and analyzed the chemical component contents in 3 positions of strong-flavor tobacco leaves in Henan province , and ascertained the suitable range of conventional chemical component contents in the strong-flavor tobacco leaf materials in Henan province based on the specific requirement goals of “CHINA”-brand cigarette to nicotine and other chemical components in these materials .

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研究了不同采收方式和成熟度对烤烟上部烟叶单叶重、烟叶等极、烟叶外观质量、烟叶物理特性和烟叶化学成分等的影响,结果表明:在4种采收方式中,烟叶烘烤质量在总体上以一次性采收(带茎或不带茎)的最好,一次性带茎采烤能增加烟叶的产量,可能是因为叶片在烘烤过程中得到了茎杆中的一些物质补充,自身内含物质消耗较少;一次性采烤对提高上部叶烘烤质量具有一定的作用;一次性带茎采烤的烟叶的外观质量、物理特性、化学成分也均优于其他采收方法。常规采收的次之,常规采收的烟叶的各种特性和成分优于环割处理的烟叶,但比一次性带茎采烤的较差。环割处理的烟叶与前两种采收方式采收的烟叶相比较差。
Effects of different picking methods on single upper leaf weight , grade of tobacco leaf ,appearance quality of leaf and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco was studied. The results showed that the method of picking 4~6 upper leaves with stem together could increase inherent quality of the four picking ways ,one time harvest ways could increase the tobacco leaf output ,because the leaf obtained some material supplements from the stem during the flue-cured process ,own contents consumption of materials were less.One time harvest ways had certain function on enhancing the upper leaf flue-cured quality .The apperance quality ,physical characteristic ,chemical components of one time harvest leaf were better than other harvest ways. Every characteristics of the conventional harvest leafs was better than ring cutting leafs and was inferior than the one time harvest leafs.Ring cutting treatment was inferior than the other two ways.

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