对生物柴油的研究现状及发展前景进行了综述。总结了生物柴油的理化特性及制备方法,并对生物柴油国内外发展现状进行了介绍,指出了制约生物柴油发展的因素及相应的对策,对我国生物柴油的发展前景进行了分析和阐述,以期为生物柴油的开发利用提供借鉴。

The research situation and development prospect of biodiesel were reviewed. The physicochemi-cal characteristics and preparation methods of biodiesel were summarized,and the development status of biodiesel at home and abroad was introduced. The factors that restricted the development of biodiesel and the corresponding strategies were pointed out. The development prospect of biodiesel was analyzed so as to provide a reference for the development and utilization of biodiesel.

分别以地沟油、橡胶籽油和小桐子油为原料制备生物柴油,测定了3种生物柴油的氧化稳定性,并采用傅里叶红外光谱及GC-MS分析氧化前后此3种生物柴油的成分。结果表明,地沟油生物柴油、橡胶籽油生物柴油和小桐子生物柴油的氧化诱导时间分别为1.61、0.81、1.05 h,远不能达到我国生物柴油国家标准的6h；生物柴油主要成分是脂肪酸甲酯,氧化后脂肪酸甲酯中C—C—H基团基本消失；地沟油生物柴油、橡胶籽油生物柴油和小桐子生物柴油主要由棕榈酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯、油酸甲酯及硬脂酸甲酯组成,氧化前3种生物柴油中此4种脂肪酸甲酯总含量分别为93.07%、95.82%和97.68%,氧化后分别降为77.23%、84.51%和63.66%。氧化后生物柴油成分十分复杂,含有不同的醛、酸、酮、醇及小分子的酯等物质,且亚油酸甲酯的含量大大降低,证实了生物柴油氧化主要是含有不饱和双键或三键的脂肪酸甲酯的氧化。

Biodiesels were prepared from swill-cooked dirty oil, rubber seed oil and Jatropha curcasl L. oil respectively, then their oxidative stabilities were detected,and the compositions of the biodiesels before and after oxidation were analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that the oxidative induction periods of swill-cooked dirty oil biodiesel, rubber seed oil biodiesel and Jatropha curcasl L. oil biodiesel were 1. 61 h, 0. 81 h and 1. 05 h, respectively, which could not reach 6 h of the national standard of biodiesel;the major component of biodiesel was fatty acid methyl ester, and the C—C—H group in fatty acid methyl ester disappeared after oxidation;the main fatty acid methyl esters in the three kinds of biodie-sels were methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate, and the total contents of fatty acid methyl esters in the three kinds of biodiesels after oxidation declined from 93. 07%,95. 82%, 97. 68% to 77. 23%,84. 51%,63. 66%;the compositi

生物柴油作为化石能源的替代燃料已经在国际上得到认可,以普通动植物为原料制备的第一代生物柴油不仅占用耕地、产油率低,且热值低;而基于催化加氢技术得到的第二代生物柴油尽管性能接近柴油,但一些关键技术还有待突破;产油微藻作为生产生物柴油的原料与其他原料相比具有较大优势,且其生产技术已具有可行性。文章剖析了利用微藻生产生物柴油的优势,阐述了微藻制备生物柴油的技术路线,重点对微藻藻种的筛选与选育、规模化培养、微藻生物质采收、油脂提取、生物柴油的合成及残留生物质开发的研究进展进行分析和论述,并总结了微藻生物柴油技术瓶颈和发展前景。

Biodiesel as alternative fuels of fossil energy has to be recognized in the in word,the first-genera-tion biodiesel which produced by ordinary animals and plants as raw material not only the occupation of cul-tivated land,low oil production rate,and low calorific value;The second-generation biodiesel is based on catalytic hydrogenation technology,the performance close to diesel, but some of the key technologies yet to be breakthrough;Oil-producing microalgae as a raw material for the production of biodiesel has more ad-vantages compared with other materials, and its production technology is feasible. This paper analyzed the advantages of using microalgae for biodiesel and elaborated microalgae biodiesel production technology roadmap, focusing on analysis and discussion the research progress of screening and selection of microal-gae algae species,large-scale training methods,microalgae biomass harvesting,oil extraction,synthesis of biodiesel and residual biomass research and development

生物柴油因具有易降解、可再生、燃烧性能高等优良特性得到了广泛的应用。在实际生产及推广应用中,以酸化油为原料合成生物柴油,可大大降低生产成本。催化剂的性能是合成生物柴油的关键,主要概述了催化剂在酸化油酯化反应合成生物柴油中的研究进展,并展望了生物柴油的发展前景。

Due to the excellent characteristics, such as its easy-degradation, regeneration and high burning performance, biodiesel has been widely used. In the biodiesel production and marketing applications, production costs can be greatly reduced by using the acidic oils as raw materials. The properties of the related catalysts are the key factors to synthesize biodiesel, and in this paper, the development of the relative catalysts research in biodiesel production for the esterification reactions of the acidic oils was introduced. Moreover, the biodiesel production devel-opment was discussed.

该文以生产达标的文冠果生物柴油为目的。通过设计其生产工艺流程,分别在转化温度为60和70℃的条件下生产了2种生物柴油,并测定了0#柴油分别与2种生物柴油以一系列不同掺混比(0、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%)混合的燃料的理化性质(密度、运动黏度、闪点、凝点和馏程)。结果表明:转化温度为70℃的生物柴油各理化性能要优于转化温度为60℃的生物柴油;生产的2种生物柴油与0#柴油在掺混比不超过20%时,各项理化性能指标均符合国家车用柴油标准,达到应用要求。

The development of renewable energy resources has attracted much attention due to the depletion of fossil fuels and severe environmental pollution. Biodiesel, an alternative fuel extracted from biological sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste cooking oils via transesterification, which is biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable energy, with higher flash point, excellent lubrication and a higher cetane number. The exhaust gas from biodiesel contains a small quantity of SOx, CO, and suspended particles. Xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge, a typical oil plant, usually about 2-6 m in height, is mainly distributed around the Inner Mongolia area of China. Its yellow ripe fruit consists of a white seed core and a dark black shell structure. A 10-year-old Xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge tree yields 10-15 kg of fruit and yields up to 1-1.5 tons per hectare. Historically, these Xanthoceras sorbiflia bunge trees were planted in a large scale for obtaining the oil containing unsaturated fatt