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双语推荐：碑

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在张说现存碑志中，官修碑志为奉敕为三品以上的重臣或皇亲国戚而作，《姚崇碑》为其最为特别之作。该碑在类型化的颂美之外，采用异常简写碑主族出、世系与乡邑，不写亡妻，运用皮里阳秋的笔法暗讽姚崇的孝心等方式表达“微言大义”，使其碑志由注重实用性向偏重文学性转变。私修碑志则是应朋友、亲戚、同僚之请而作，《贞节君碣》为其早年的代表作。该碑运用小说笔法、选择典型细节等方式，使模式化的碑志逐步成为生动形象的人物传记。这些变化体现了张说“实行”“素心”的创作理念，展现出文学性、个性化的特点。
Among Zhang Yue’s exsisting records of events inscribed on tablets,the official ones were mostly made by the courtiers above grade three and royal family members.A Monument to Yao Chong is his spe-cial work,which reflects his style change from emphasizing practical point view to laying particular stress on the literariness.The private ones were made responding to friends,relatives and colleagues’request.A Monument to a Chaste and Undefiled Gentleman is a representative work in which for the technique of writing novel and typical details to make the patterning records of events inscribed on tablets become vivid biographies.The changes show Zhang Yue’s creation concept for “true action”and “true will”.

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碑学研究是一个宏大的课题,关于碑学的界定、审美及其具体实践等方面的问题讨论已多,但关于碑学笔法理论的探讨却多局限于如涩笔、中锋、裹绞等某一个点的衍说,有的甚至批评碑派书家不懂笔法。其实,对碑学笔法理论的误解往往是由于批评者多以帖学的立场去审视碑学的笔法理论。清代以包世臣为核心的碑学家有意无意地建构了有别于帖学、体现出新的审美原则的碑学笔法系统,这些理论不仅是碑学建构的理论基点,而且使理论落实为具体的实践,以其独特的审美特征标志着碑学内涵的最终生成。在笔法理论的建构中,碑学家确立了自己的笔法原则和系统:用逆是为藏锋,藏锋方能中锋行笔,行笔时既要疾中有涩,以得雄厚自然,又要行中有留,留中有行,以绝呆板、轻滑。要得厚重,故铺毫而行,万毫齐力而得中实之妙,避免空怯。因铺毫易散锋,故而裹笔以得势。这些笔法原则与篆隶和北碑的审美特点是一致的。
Research on stone inscription is a grand task.Although there have been many discus-sions about such issues as the definition , aesthetic appreciation and practice of the study , investiga-tions into the brushwork theory system are often confined to the development of one certain point ,and some people even criticize epigraphic calligraphers for not knowing the technique of writing .Stone inscription researchers in the Qing Dynasty with Bao Shichen at the core have intentionally or unintentionally constructed a brushwork theory system that is different from model calligraphy and re -flects new aesthetic principles.These theories do not only serve as the basis of tablet calligraphy studies but also facilitate specific practice , marking the ultimate creation of its meaning with unique aesthetic characteristics.

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好太王碑建立1600年了，其重新发现的时间却存在着几种说法，如同治末年、光绪初年、光绪六年等。依据王志修当年到过好太王碑前进行调查，并且最早刊印《高句丽永乐太王古碑歌考》中的记载，认定好太王碑发现于光绪三年---1877年。同时指出，是由怀仁县书启关月山发现的。好太王碑发现后的光绪四五年间，火焚除苔，然后才出现完整拓本。叶昌炽《奉天一则》所记“光绪六年，边民斩山刊木始得之”，说的正是好太王碑拓本出现的时间。
The Gwanggaeto Stele has established for 1600 years, but there are several statements about its redis-covery time, that is the final years of Tongzhi, the early years of Guangxu, Guangxu six years and so on. Based on the records that Wang Zhixiu has ever surveyed the Gwanggaeto Stele and earliest print-ed Gaogouli Gwanggaeto Stele Song, firmly believed the Gwanggaeto Stele was found in Guangxu three years-1,877 years. Also pointed out that the Stele was discovered by Huairen Guan Yueshan. During Guangxu four and five years the Gwanggaeto Stele appeared complete book of rubbings. Ye Changchi''s Fengtian Yize recorded the discovery time of book of rubbings of the Gwanggaeto Stele.

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通过对浙南摩崖石刻的整体考察和研析,结合碑派风格摩崖和代表书家,探究清至民国中期碑学形成的基因及其发展历程状况:清初人士为了避触文网,渐开金石学气候及碑学序幕之一角。从嘉庆开始,金石学大盛而致碑学兴、帖学衰。以阮元为核心的金石书法家对浙南摩崖石刻碑派书法之大兴做出了开山贡献,他们的躬行实践印证了清代碑派书法首先是从秦汉篆隶书体的复兴开始的普遍观点。而道光、咸丰直至清末,浙南无一段草书摩崖的现象,则是"篆隶振兴,草法澌灭"的最好注脚。民国初、中期碑帖结合、章草复兴为书史亮点,其体现在浙南摩崖石刻中的独特价值和带给我们的启迪作用影响深远。
This paper investigates the motivations and the development of stele calligraphy based on an overall analysis of the cliff inscriptions of the period from Qing dynasty to the middle of the Republic of China in South Zhejiang,the styles of epigraphic calligraphy and the representative calligraphers. The official taboos and literary inquisition of the early Qing dynasty gave rise to epigraphy and epigraphic calligraphy. From Jiaqing period of Qing dynasty,epigraphy greatly flourished and this in turn resulted in the thriving epigraphic calligraphy and declining paper calligraphy. The epigraphic calligraphers with Ruan Yuan as the leading figure made a pioneering contribution to the rise of the epigraphic calligraphy of the cliff inscriptions in South Zhejiang. Their practice can verify a widely accepted viewpoint that the epigraphic calligraphy of Qing dynasty started from the revival of seal script and clerical script current in Qin and Han Dynasty,whereas the fact that there

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人名乃碑志文的焦点信息，涉及碑志主或责任者的身份、职责等核心内容，有的还与社会、历史、文化等密切相关。现有石刻纂录成果中，出现了各种人名错误，其中以明代石刻最为典型，主要包括误判碑志制作人员、人名断取错误、误认形近字、误拆重组人名用字、张冠李戴、误判人事关系等八类问题。根据碑拓分类简析其人名讹误的原因并择要校正，可供还原文献、澄清史实及研究、使用和整理碑刻材料时参考借鉴。
Names are the key information of the inscriptions,which involves the identities and responsibilities of the persons in the in-scriptions,and close relations with the contemporary societies,history and culture.However,errors of the names exist in the achieve-ments about the records of the inscriptions and the representative is the inscriptions in Ming dynasty,and the errors are regarded mainly as eight categories,such as errors from recorders,about similar characters,of names of persons and even human relations and so on. The analysis about the causes of the names and correction provide reference for the correct documents,clear historical facts and re-search,usage and collection of the inscriptions.

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在汉帝国长日渐落的余晖中，蔡邕创作的碑志文无疑是其中最绚烂多姿的绮霞。由于受时代风气影响，蔡邕的碑志文虽然在思想内容上有一定的谀墓之弊，但从艺术成就上，已具备自定的形式和完备的体例，并且章法谨严、语言古朴典雅庄重、句式工整、趋于骈偶化，且在内容上多化用典故，从而开创了后世碑志文体的固定体例与语言风格，在碑志文体发展史上具有极为重要的地位。
During the long sunset of the Han Dynasty ,CAI Yong’ s monumental inscriptions were the most gorgeous sunset glow .CAI Yong wrotted a large quantity of monumental inscriptions ,but for being affected by the era atmosphere ,some of his inscriptions flattered to defunct .But in artistic achievement , his monumental inscriptions had fixed forms and completed system , used rigorous structure in simple and elegant language which tended to Pian Ou .His monumental inscriptions used allusions in the content ,and created a later in-scription style of fixed structure and language style ,which gained high praises for CAI Yong in the history of development of monumental inscriptions .

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《古籍整理研究学刊》2012年第6期《〈全宋文〉所收碑志文补遗七篇》一文,从《石刻史料新编》辑出《全宋文》漏收之碑志文七篇,用现代通行简化字迻录,并标点和简析碑志文所涉相关信息,为文史等研究提供了便利,值得充分肯定。但录文中有文字的错、衍、脱等问题,特别是断句标点存在多处失误,导致文献信息失真,极大影响材料的科学利用。本文对照拓片或碑志原文,按文意理解、文字释读、文句表达规律和古代文化礼制四方面分类校正并简析其中的标点错误,以供学界使用时参考。最后总结正确标点碑志文的一般方法,为以后科学著录碑刻文献提供借鉴。
The sixth of“Journal of Ancient Books Collation Studies”in 2012 published the paper of addendum sev-en articles of “The complete works of song”, and compiled seven inscriptions articles that “The complete works of song” didn’ t compile from the“New Historical Stone”with modern simplified characters ,punctuating the text ,making a brief analysis of the inscription of the relevant information ,and providing convenience to the literature and history re-search,which should be fully affirmed .But there are many mistakes in the recorded text such as the error ,redundant, cast of the words ,especially the wrong punctuation and other issues , which makes the material in information distort and has a deep effect on using it scientifically .In this paper ,we control the original inscription rubbings to correct and ana-lyze the mistakes one by one according to the understanding of text interpretation , language expression laws and the ancient culture of the ritual to provide a

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1982年第2次全国土壤普查时河北省高碑店市耕地有效铁含量为6.22 mg/kg,处于中等水平。经过30 a的农业生产,高碑店市的农业产业结构发生了巨大变迁。为了明确高碑店市土壤有效铁含量的现状,2011年采集高碑店市13个乡镇的600份土壤样品进行了分析化验,并利用统计学方法对其土壤有效铁含量进行了评价。结果表明：2011年高碑店市13个乡镇的土壤有效铁平均含量为5.27 mg/kg,较1982年第2次全国土壤普查时有效铁平均含量（6.22 mg/kg）有所降低,处于第2次全国土壤普查标准的3级水平;13个乡镇中发展特色农业的东马营镇有效铁含量变化稍大。针对近30 a来土壤有效铁平均含量下降的状况,提出了对于土壤有效铁含量变化应给予重视的建议,并结合高碑店市当地农业产业结构提出了改良土壤环境和针对性施用铁肥解决农业发展中土壤缺铁的对策。
The content of available iron of cultivated land in Gaobeidian City of Hebei Province was 6.22 mg/kg in the second national soil survey in 1982, which was in the medium level.After 30 years of agricultural production, agricultural industry structure in Gaobeidian City had a great change.In order to make clear the status of soil available iron content in Gaobeidian City, 600 soil samples from 13 towns of Gaobeidian City were collected and analyzed in 2011 and the soil available iron contents were evaluated by statistical method.The results showed that the average content of soil available iron of 13 towns in 2011 was 5.27 mg/kg and in the 3 level of the second national soil survey, which was lower than the average content of the second national soil survey.The content of soil available iron in Dongmaying Town had been changed slightly larger , where was developed characteristic agriculture.Aiming at the decreasing of the average content of available iron in soil in recent 30 years, the

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《宋代绍熙府儒学碑考》释文存在不少缺误，实因文字泐蚀、形近而误、不明典故、制度、点破语句等疏漏而致。本文立足碑拓，结合《全宋文》等相关历史文献正误补缺，分析误因，以使此材料得到有效利用。
There are many errors that are caused by not understanding literary quotations and misunderstanding of the variants in The Research of Monument Inscription of the Song Dynasty Confucianism.This paper, combining rubbings with historical documents like The Complete Works of Song, proposes that the errors can be corrected, the causes can be pointed out and the errors can be avoided, so that the precious documentary materials can be utilized more effectively.

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韩愈的《南海神广利王庙碑》记载了唐代广州刺史孔戣治理岭南的经验,以及唐代祭海的习俗.碑文还最早出现了"海事"一词.同时,碑文的结构安排巧妙,想象丰富奇特,语言精粹隽美.因此,韩愈碑不仅具有重要的历史价值,还具有较高的文学价值.
The inscription on Nanhai God''s monument , composed by Han Yu , has documented the custom of worshipping the sea and administered experiences of Lingnan District from Kong Kui , the provincial governor in Tang Dynasty .The description ,“maritime affairs”, is first mentioned in this monument''s writing .With elaborately arranged structure , fabulous imagination and beautiful language , this inscription from Han Yu is undoubtedly with not only historical importance , but also high literary value .

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