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双语推荐：绕击

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雷击是高压及超高压输电线路的主要事故之一，反击跳闸发生的概率很低，绕击是发生故障跳闸的主要原因。可以在地线上架设水平侧向短针的分布式绕击防治措施以有效提高地线引雷能力，防止绕击跳闸。以西昌220kV输电线路N148号杆塔为例，分析并比较了杆塔附近地线上安装防绕击侧针前后，线路绕击率、绕击跳闸率以及绕击雷电流幅值的变化情况。通过实例计算发现，防绕击侧针安装以后明显改善了线路的防绕击能力，可见安装防绕击侧针作为输电线路的防雷改造措施，具有较好的实用性。
Lightning stroke is one of the major accidents in HV and EHV transmission lines .The trip-out accidents are main-ly caused by shielding failure and rarely caused by back flashover .In order to prevent the trip-out by shielding failure , the lightning rod against shielding failure can be installed on the lightning conductor that can improve the triggered lightning capac -ity of the ground wires .Taking N148 tower in 220 kV transmission line of Xichang for example , the differences of shielding failure rate, shielding failure trip-out rate and shielding failure lightning peak current of the transmission line which has in -stalled the lightning rod against shielding failure near N 148 tower are analyzed .With the help of calculation analysis , it is found that after installing the lightning rod against shielding failure , the ability against shielding failure of transmission lines has been improved obviously .Therefore, it is in high practicality to use lightning rod against shielding fai

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指出雷电绕击引起的输电线路跳闸事故随电压等级的升高所占的比例越来越大。针对220kV、500 kV电压等级典型线路,分别利用规程法、优化法和电气几何模型法分析绕击耐雷性能,并对其结果进行分析比较。结果表明,优化法与规程法相比,电压等级越高,两者所得绕击跳闸率的差别越大;地面倾角是影响线路绕击跳闸率的重要因素之一,将地形简单地分为平原和山区不切合实际;对平原地区线路来说,用三种方法所得绕击跳闸率差别不大,可以用规程法和优化法对平原地区线路绕击耐雷性能进行简单估算;电气几何模型则更好地解释了山区线路绕击跳闸率异常高的现象。
With the increase of voltage level of transmission lines,the proportion of outages because of shielding failure increases. The shielding performance of 220 kV and 500 kV typical transmission lines are analysed by using standard method,optimization method and electric-geometry model,and the results are calculated and compared. The results show that the higher the voltage level is,the larger the difference of lighting trip-out rates is.The ground angle is one of the important factors that affect lighting trip-out rates,thus,it is not realistic to simply divide the terrain type into plains and the mountains. There is not much difference of lighting trip-out rates by using the three methods in the plain region,and the standard method and optimization method can be used to simply estimate the shielding performance at plain region while electric-geometry model can better explain the phenomenon of abnormally high lighting trip-out rates in mountain region.

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利用输电线路雷电屏蔽电气几何模型(EGM),通过几起负保护角500kV超高压架空输电线路绕击跳闸的事故实例,分析事故发生原因,说明在山腰、山顶、山脊等地形,负保护角依然不能有效防护雷电绕击,同时得出关于各地形绕击发生条件的一些结论,并探讨了加强山坡地绕击跳闸事故的防护措施.
Using the Electrical-Geometric Model of transmission line lightning shield (EGM),this paper analyzes the cause of some shielding trip cases on EHV 500 kV overhead transmission lines.The analysis points out that negative shielding angles can not prevent lightening shielding failure on mountainside,hilltop and ridges.The paper also comes up with some conclusions about the conditions for shielding failure on various landforms.Lastly,this paper discusses strengthening protection for shielding-trip accidents on hillside.

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针对高压输电线路防绕击避雷针拆除困难的问题，结合防绕击避雷针设备安装与拆除的特点，提出研制防绕击避雷针切割机的必要性，分析该装置的结构、工作原理、电气控制方案和安全性，说明该装置在模拟线路和实际线路中的应用效果，并提出应用中的注意事项。
In view of difficult backout of high voltage trans-mission lightning rod for shielding failure prevention ,this pa-per proposes development lightning rod for shielding failure prevention cutting machine ,analyzes the structure ,electric setting project ,and principles ,illustrates the application re-sults in simulation line and real line ,and advances the atten-tions during application .

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建立准确合理的绕击模型以评估混压同塔多回输电线路防雷性能，进而优化杆塔结构、配置绝缘和线路设计，对提高共塔多回输电通道安全性具有重要的意义。基于电气几何原理计算绕击率，考虑多层导线与地线的相互屏蔽效应和工作电压对击距的影响，并计及雷电入射角、地面倾角、弧垂变化多项因素；基于 EMTP 计算绕击耐雷水平，对杆塔采用多波阻抗模型，对线路采用J. Mart模型，并使用双指数波和先导发展法对雷电流及闪络过程进行模拟，由此综合建立了混压同塔多回路绕击计算模型。最后对一种新型混压同塔六回路绕击性能进行计算和评估，给出了相应的建议。
To build reasonable and accurate shielding failure model is of significance for enhancing the security of multi circuit transmission lines on the same tower, and then for the optimization of transmission tower structure, insulation configuration and transmission line design. Based on electro-geometric model and considering mutual screening effects among overhead ground wires and multi-layers of conductors and the influence of operating voltages on striking distance as well as such factors as incident angle of lightning, ground obliquity and variation of conductor sags, the line lightning resisting level for shielding failure is computed by EMTP, in the simulation the multi-wave impedance model is applied to transmission tower, the J. Mart model to transmission lines; to simulate lightning current and flashover process, the double exponential waveform and leader propagation method are utilized, thus a comprehensive model to calculate shielding failure of multi-circuit transmission lines

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高压输电线路架空敷设多位于空旷地区，极易受到雷击的影响，且线路杆塔相对较高，容易产生绕击。对高压输电线路故障跳闸的雷电绕击问题进行了分析，并提出了有效的应对措施，以提升线路运行的安全性和稳定性。
The high voltage transmission line overhead laying in open areas, vulnerable to the effects of lightning, and line tower is relatively high, prone to strike. For high voltage transmission line fault tripping lightning around the strike problems are analyzed, and puts forward some effective measures, to enhance the safety and stability of the line running.

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对不同电压等级架空输电线路的雷电防护特征进行比较分析，可为提出输电线路的雷电防护策略提供参考。以我国110 kV至1000 kV交流输电线路以及±500 kV至±800 kV直流输电线路为分析对象，对其绕击特征和反击特征进行了分析，并提出了不同电压等级输电线路雷电防护重点。110 kV和220 kV交流输电线路应重点关注反击问题；500 kV和750 kV交流输电线路应重点关注在高接地电阻地区的反击问题和山区的绕击问题；1000 kV交流输电线路的反击闪络率极低，可考虑采用杆塔自然接地以降低建设成本，同时需关注山区的边相导线绕击问题；±500 kV、±660 kV和±800 kV直流输电线路应主要关注在山区的绕击闪络问题。
Contrastive analysis on lightning protection characteristics of overhead transmission line can be the reference for the lightning protection strategy of transmission line.Taking 1 10 kV to 1 000 kV AC transmission lines and ±500 kV to ±800 kV DC transmission lines in China as analysis object,the characteristics of back striking and shielding failure were analyzed,and the lightning protection keys for overhead transmission lines with different voltage grades were proposed.For the 1 10 kV and 220 kV AC transmission lines,back striking should be focused on.For the 500 kV and 750 kV AC transmission lines,back striking should be focused on in the area with high grounding resistance and shielding failure should be noticed in mountain area.For the 1 000 kV AC transmission lines,due to the low flashover rate of back striking,the construction cost could be reduced by applying the natural grounding body of the tower,and it also should focus on the shielding failure of side conductors

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围绕长沙绕城高速清淤换填路段进行分析,采用强夯法与铺设土工格栅相结合的处治措施,进行了强夯法处治夯击能量选择、单点夯击次数、单层夯击遍数、夯击点布置以及间隔时间等施工参数设计,土工格栅铺设设计。采用承载板试验对综合处治效果进行了评价。试验结果表明,处治后路基沉降曲线有明显放缓趋势;本施工参数设计适用于长沙绕城高速填方路基土质。
This paper study about dredging for fill subgrade in Changsha expressway,the method of dynamic compaction and geotechnical grille been used to punish the drift problem.This paper carry on the design about dynamic compaction Treatment tamping energy,Single-point tamping times,single layer tamping times,tamping point layout and interval time,and the laying design about geotechnical grille. The authors evaluated the effect of punish by lading plate test.The experimental results showed that the trend of subgrade settlement curve has slowed markedly;The construction parameters design is used in Changsha highway.

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给出了输电线路雷电绕击概率在线预警方法。通过统计、计算不同地区不同电压等级线路的历史雷电绕击跳闸信息、雷电流强度、侧面落雷距离,应用二维信息扩散理论和条件概率方法建立了输电线路绕击跳闸概率计算模型。在雷电预警过程中,利用气象雷达的回波强度、回波顶高和垂直积累液态水含量数据,建立了基于反向传播神经网络的雷电流幅值预测模型,并通过雷云中心点坐标到线路的水平距离近似计算落雷侧面距离,由此应用输电线路跳闸概率模型,计算线路雷击概率,进行雷电实时预警。算例分析表明了该预警建模方法的有效性。
This paper proposes online warning method for thunder and lightning shielding failure rate of power transmission lines.By statistics and calculation,it acquires thunder and lightning shielding failure trip information,lightning current in-tensity and side thunderclap distance of different voltage classes lines in different regions.Meanwhile,by using 2D informa-tion diffusion theory and conditional probability method,it establishes calculation model for power transmission line shiel-ding failure trip rate.In progress of lightning warning,it uses echo intensity,echo top height and vertical accumulating liq-uid water content of meteorological radar to build a forecast model for lightning current amplitude based on back-propaga-tion neural networks.In addition,by horizontal distance from coordinates of thundercloud center to transmission lines,it approximatively calculates side thunderclap distance from which it applies power transmission trip rate model to calculate lightning stroke rate

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雷击是危及输电线路安全可靠运行的主要问题之一。针对此问题，通过对超高压线路雷电反击性能、绕击性能进行分析，发现500 kV线路雷击跳闸事故绝大部分是由雷电绕击导线引起的。结合山东地域雷害的特点，通过对山东电网雷击故障分析，从设计角度，给出了山东地区输电线路的防雷设计优化措施，可为生产运行及设计人员提供参考。
The lightning is one of the main problems endangering the safe and reliable operation of transmission lines. In this article,firstly by analyzing the performance of ultra high voltage line counter-attack and back flashover,we conclude that the thunder strike tripping accidents on 500 kV lines are mostly caused by the back flashover. By analyzing the lightning disaster of Shandong power grid,the lightning protection design optimization measures are provided. These measures can be referenced by production and design staff.

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