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双语推荐：自动变速器

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汽车自动变速器逐步向多挡位方向发展,但挡位愈多,结构愈复杂,体积和质量也会增大;而传统无级变速器工作时效率较低,传动功率较小,且控制系统较复杂,能耗较大。以变量泵与变量马达组成的容积调速回路为基础,建立液压传动的无级自动变速器模型,可有效解决自动变速器与传统无级变速器存在的问题,使变速器的调速特性与发动机特性吻合,为汽车无级自动变速提供一种有效的解决方案。
Automotive automatic transmission (AT)is developed gradually to multi-stall direction,but it leads to more complex structure,more bigger volume and weight. In addition,CVT works with small power,less transmission power ,more complex control system and large energy consumption. Based on volume speed control loop composed with variable pump and variable motor,the hy-draulic stepless automatic transmission model was established,so the problems of AT and CVT could be effectively solved,the trans-mission speed regulation characteristics met with engine characteristics. It provides an effective solution for automotive automatic trans-mission.

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自动机械变速器（Automatic mechanical transmission，AMT）是单轴并联混合动力系统中的核心部件，对其换挡过程的快速、精确控制直接决定着混合动力系统的加速性、经济性、使用寿命以及可靠性。一种基于“虚拟离合器”技术的混合动力系统AMT换挡过程控制方法可以充分保证其性能。该方法的五个时序进行详细论述，并分别提出各个阶段的核心控制问题。基于该单轴并联混合动力系统的结构特点，建立以考虑传动系统中驱动轴扭转振动特性的动力学模型，在此基础上，推导出可用于换挡过程控制的机械自动变速器中传递转矩的近似数学模型；通过试验验证该模型可以有效控制变速器传递的转矩，降低摘空挡后变速器输出轴转速的振荡。实车试验表明以变速器传递零转矩为目标的“虚拟离合器”技术可以有效应用于AMT的换挡过程控制。该技术的应用可以实现AMT无离合器操控的换挡过程，能够有效缩短换挡过程动力中断的时间，降低换挡过程车速的振荡，提高AMT系统的换挡品质。
Automatic mechanical transmission(AMT) is the core plant of a single shaft parallel hybrid electric system, whose acceleration, economy, lifetime and reliability largely depend on the rapid, accurate control of AMT’s shifting process. The shifting process control of AMT based on virtual clutch technology is proposed and above all, the five sequential process of the mentioned method are expounded in detail, in which the primary control problems of every stage are put forward. According to the system’s structure, the dynamic model considering the driving shaft’s torsional vibration in the drivetrain is built up and the approximate mathematical model of the transmitted torque in AMT that can be used in shifting process control is deduced. This model is validated in trial that it can control the torque transmitted in AMT and weaken the oscillation of the output shaft’s rotate speed after shifting into neutral gear. Vehicle trial shows that virtual clutch technology aimed at z

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根据拖拉机液压机械无级变速器试验要求，提出了其试验台设计方案，确定了试验台驱动装置及加载装置，设计了试验台数据采集与控制系统。以东方红1302 R拖拉机液压机械无级变速器为被试对象，完成了液压机械无级变速器的无级调速特性试验和自动调速特性试验。结果表明：所设计试验台自动化程度高、运转平稳，满足设计要求。
According to the request of tractor hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission test , the test bench structure is designed , and the drive and loading devices are choosen .The measurement and control system of this test bench is designed .As the object of test , the hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission for Dongfanghong 1302 R tractor is tested for the stepless speed regulation characteristic test and automatic speed regulation characteristic test .The results show that this test bench stands a high degree of automation and stable running , and it can meet the de-signed requirements .

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汽车自动变速器逐渐受到用户的青睐，各汽车生产厂商也纷纷投入大量精力与财力研制自动变速器。汽车匹配自动变速器的比率正在逐年增加，文章对目前市场上几种自动变速器分别做介绍，并简单分析其发展前景。
Automatic transmission increasingly favored by the users, various car manufacture have invested a lot of efforts and money to develop an automatic transmission,Car matching automatic transmission rate is increasing year by year. This paper, several automatic transmissions are introduced,also analyzed the development prospect of automatic transmissions.

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文章从自动变速器油的检查与更换、变速杆位置的检查与调整、自动变速器的性能试验三个方面系统分析了自动变速器的性能检验步骤与方法。
The article analyses procedure and methods of performance testing of the automatic transmission from three aspects ,the oil inspection and replacement of automatic transmission, the inspection and adjustment of lever position, the performance test of automatic transmission.

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DCT自动变速器是一种新型的自动变速器,装备车辆增长迅速,故障诊断与其他自动变速器有所区别,是现在车辆维修中的难点。本文通过分析DCT自动变速器的发展、工作原理和特点,对其故障进行分类,总结故障分析方法,建立故障分析诊断流程,并将其运用于实际案例中。
DCT is a new transmission,which is used more and more vehicle.Fault diagnosis of it is different from other automatic transmission.The paper introduces operating principle,development and feature, classify fault,summarizes analytical method,build fault analysis and diagnosis flow path.

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电驱动机械式自动变速箱EMT是一种将电机和机械变速器集成一体化的系统，在系统遵循动力总成的前提下进行集成，釆用虚拟样机设计的方法，对该总成相关零部件特性进行分析，在标定仿真样机参数的基础上进行产品结构设计，运用CATIA软件进行虚拟制造和装配，利用Matlab／Simulink软件中的变速器设计模块对该机构进行仿真研究，并在ADAMS中进行总成性能仿真，验证该三挡EMT系统在效率和燃油经济性能方面的优越性，为产品设计提供指导。
The electric -drive mechanical transmission -EMT is a system that integrates electrical motor and mechanicaltransmission.The system is integrated following the principle of power -train.The design method of the virtual prototype was ap -plied to analyze characteristics of relevant parts of the assemble .The structural of products were designed based on the simulationprototype.The CATIA software was applied for virtual manufacturing and assembling .Use Matlab /simulink software transmissiondesign module to do simulation research of the institution .The assembling performance was simulated by ADAMS to verifythat the three -grade EMT system has some advantages in efficiency and fuel economy performance .Theoretical research guidancewas provided for the product design .

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汽车自动变速器是集机、电、液于一体的系统，其故障诊断难度大，故障诊断专家系统是目前汽车自动变速器故障诊断技术的发展方向。利用产生式规则和框架表示法构建知识库，建立自动变速器工作异常故障树并应用正向推理机制对专家系统进行了设计，以Visual Basic 6.0、Microsoft Access 2003为编程语言开发了自动变速器故障诊断专家系统。
Automatic transmission is a system integrating the machine, electricity and liquid. The fault diagnosis of automatic transmission is very dif icult. At present, the fault diagnosis expert system is the development direction of automatic transmission diagnostic technology. By using the production rule and the frame representation, knowledge base and the fault tree of automatic transmission is are constructed, and the expert system is designed by applying forward reasoning mechanism. The fault diagnosis expert system of automatic transmission is developed by using Visual Basic 6 and Microsoft Access 2003 as the programming language.

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论述汽车自动变速器(AT、CVT)的类型、特点及发展方向,以及与其配套的变速器油(ATF、CVTF)的技术现状和发展趋势,介绍ATF/CVTF的摩擦学特性及其评价方法。开发和应用新型自动变速器油及其相应的摩擦特性测试方法、磨损状态评定手段和油品理化性能测试方法及台架试验方法,制定自动变速器油的规格标准,是促进自动变速器发展的关键共性技术。
The types,characteristics and developing direction of vehicle automatic transmission,and the technical re-quirement,current technological state and development trend of automatic transmission fluids (ATF/CVTF ) were de-scribed.The tribological characteristics and evaluation method of ATF/CVTF were introduced.The development and appli-cation of new automatic transmission fluids and its corresponding evaluation test methods of physical and chemical proper-ties,friction characteristics and wear state,the development of the specifications and standard of automatic transmission flu-ids are key common technologies for development of automatic transmission.

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首先分析了ZF-9HP自动变速器的各档动力传递路线,建立了ZF-9HP自动变速器的等效杠杆图,利用在原有杠杆分析法基础上拓展的新杠杆法对ZF-9HP自动变速器换挡过程进行分析,并通过计算验证拓展的杠杆法的正确性。
Firstly,the ZF-9HP automatic transmission gears dynamic route is analylzed,and the equivalent lever diagram of ZF-9HP automatic tranmission is established.Then,the shift process of ZF-9HP automatic transmission is analyzed based on the expend method of existing method of leverage , and the correction of new lever method is verified by calculation .

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