为研究草地培育措施对重度退化亚高山草甸植被群落结构特征的影响,分别以补播、施磷肥和划破草皮3个因素的不同组合方式对退化亚高山草甸、天然草地进行草地培育。结果表明:各草地培育措施对改善草地植被群落结构的效果不同。补播可提高补播草种所在群落的优势地位,划破草皮使良等牧草居于优势地位,施磷肥对草地植被群落结构影响不大,效果最差。补播+划破草皮改善优等牧草和良等牧草在草地植被结构中的效果比补播更显著,使优等牧草和良等牧草居于优势地位,补播+划破草皮的良等牧草优势地位与划破草皮相比有所降低。综合各项指标,补播+划破草皮+施磷肥的草地培育效果最优。

In order to study the pasture improvments on vegetation restoration in heavy-degraded subalpine meadow,the approaches of reseeding,using phosphate fertilizer,and cutting sod were applied in subalpine mead-ow in Lintan County,Gansu Province.The results showed that the effects of the pasture improvements on vege-tation restoration were different.Reseeding showed significant effect on community dominance of reseed grass. Cutting sod showed significant effect on community dominance of high quality forages.Phosphate fertilizer showed no significant effect on the vegetation community structure.The effects of cutting sod combined with re-seeding were higher than reseeding on community dominance of excellent and high quality forage,but were low-er than cutting sod on community dominance of high quality forage.Consideration of various indicators compre-hensively,reseeding combined with cutting sod and phosphate fertilizer application was the optimal approach.

在新疆兵团九师不同类型退化天然草地典型区域,选择豆科、禾本科牧草混播开展补播试验2年,结果表明:补播当年各播入种出苗率均达85%以上,且都能安全越冬;第2年各牧草返青达80%以上,山地草甸类杂类草+鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)型、温性草原类针茅(Stipa capillata)+羊茅(Festuca ovina)型和温性草原类羊茅+冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)型草地干草产量分别比对照(未补播)显著(P0.01)提高了114%,125%和109%;豆、禾牧草比例明显增加,草群结构趋于合理;各草地群落高度、盖度、密度都显著(P0.01)高于对照,山地草甸区补播效果最明显,分别增加了34cm,40.8%和265株/m2;豆、禾牧草对不同草地类型区域适应性不同,山地草甸区豆科牧草补播改良效果优于禾本科,温性草原区二者表现刚好相反。

Selecting the degraded rangeland in Xinjiang Corps,the paper conducted a mixed reseeding trial with leguminosae and gramineous forages for two years.The results showed that the emergence rate was over 85% and all forages could survive through the winter in the first year,the regreening rate was over 80% in the second year.The hay yield of reseeding treatments in mountain meadow(forb+Dactylis glomerata type),tem-perate steppe(Stipa capillata +Festuca ovina type),temperate steppe(Festuca ovina +Artemisia frigida )sig-nificantly increased by 1 14%,125%,109%,respectively,compare to CK.The proportion of Gramineae and Le-guminosae increased obviously and the grassland community structure trended to rationalization.All the plant community height,coverage,density of trial plots significantly higher than the CK.The effect of reseeding in mountain meadow was obvious,the plant community height,coverage,density increased by 34 cm,40.8%,265 plant/m2 .Legumionosae and Gramineae forage showed the dif

用根钻法就补播、围栏、施肥及综合处理等不同恢复措施对高寒草甸退化草地植被根系特征(根长密度、比根长和比根面积)的变化进行研究.结果表明:与对照相比,各种草地恢复措施对植物群落根长密度均有显著的促进作用;对植物群落比根长则有不同程度的影响,施肥和综合处理均对草地植物群落比根长有极显著的促进作用,而围栏、补播对植物群落比根长没有显著影响;不同草地恢复措施对比根面积的影响模式与对比根长的相反,围栏、补播、施肥及综合处理措施均使草地植物群落比根面积显著减少.此结果说明,由于各种恢复措施都不同程度地改变了草地土壤中的资源状况,因而使植物群落的根系特征也相应地发生了较大的变化.

By using soil coring method, the effects of different grassland restoration measures, such as resowing, fencing, fertilization and comprehensive treatments, on the root traits of vegetation, including root length density, specific root length and specific root area, were investigated in the alpine meadow. The results suggested that, compared with controls, all kinds of restoration measures promoted root length density significantly. As for specific root lengths, there were different effects. Fertilization and comprehensive treatments had notable effects, while fencing and recowing treatments had no clear effects. The performance of the specific root area, however, showed a different partner. Resowing, fencing, fertilization and comprehensive treatments all had negative effects on the index of the specific root area. These results indicated that as the soil resource is changed by the application of different restoration measures, the root traits of vegetation change accordingly.

北宋文学家晁补之其题跋文内容丰富,或谈文说艺,或论古言今,或感怀人事,都见解深刻、思致绵长;在形式上又自由灵活,随机生发,长短不拘。晁补之的题跋文议论英锐,鞭辟入里,语言洗练,情致深婉,含英咀华,颇具艺术表现力。晁补之的题跋以浑厚深沉的思想内涵和别具一格的艺术形式在繁花似锦、璀璨夺目的宋文百花园中独标风韵,芳馨远播。

Chao Bu-zhi was a famous writer in Song Dynasty, who was very good at writing prefaces and postscripts. His articles talk about millions of things, literary comments, talkings about the past and present, sentimental comments, you name it. His writings are insightful in content and flexible in form. His arguments are strong and appealing, reasonable and convincing, full of aesthetic charm. In a word, the prefaces and postscripts of Chao Bu-zhi were dazzling in art gardens on account of deep thought connotation and unique form of art.

为研究林间种草放养北京油鸡对其屠宰性能及肉、蛋品质的影响，在5年生的板栗园建立菊苣和紫花苜蓿(1∶1)混播人工草地，并划区轮换放养北京油鸡，测定其屠宰性能、胸肌和腿肌的营养成分及蛋品质。结果显示，与清耕放养(林下光板地)比较，混播草地划区轮换放养的北京油鸡屠宰性能均提高，其中腿肌质量、胸肌质量、腹脂质量分别显著增加22.25%、15.33%、108.71%，腿肌率、胸肌率、腹脂率分别提高19.23%、12.00%、100.00%；腿肌粗灰分、必需氨基酸含量分别显著增加23.42%、20.89%，胸肌钙含量显著增加29.99%，而胸肌粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别显著降低15.69%、33.02%；蛋黄胆固醇含量显著下降14.58%。在减少15%精料日补饲量的情况下，放养至8~17周龄和18~25周龄时，与清耕放养比较，混播草地划区轮换放养组料重比分别显著下降17.65%、15.94%。可见，林间种草放养北京油鸡能够提高屠宰性能和肉、蛋品质，提高生产效益。

In order to study the effect of grazing on interforest grassland on carcass traits, egg and meat qualities of Beijing fatty chicken,chicory (Cichorium intybus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (1∶1)were planted in chestnut orchard to establish the mixed artificial grassland for rotationally grazing Beijing fatty chicken. The carcass traits and the nutrition content of breast muscle,leg muscle and eggs of Beijng fatty chicken were measured. The results showed that compared with control(Beijing fatty chicken were grazed on the bare land in chestnut orchard) ,all indexes of carcass traits of Beijing fatty chicken rotationally gra-zing on artificial grassland significantly improved. Leg muscle weight,pectoral muscle weight and abdominal fat weight significantly increased by 22. 25%,15. 33% and 108. 71%. Leg muscle rate,pectoral muscle rate and abdominal fat rate increased by 19. 23%,12. 00% and 100. 00%. The content of crude ash and the es-sential amino acid of leg muscle of grazin