理论家一直将“信达雅”解读为翻译标准和作文规范，其实“信达雅”是文人精神和灵魂。文人必须“信达雅”：文人必须“信”，诚信，具有坚定信念，远大抱负；文人必须“达”，通情达理，洞察人情世事；文人必须“雅”，是精神文明的化身。“信达雅”具有社会、时代和阶级的意义；毛泽东用共产党人的语言诠释“信达雅”，给“信达雅”赋予了马克思主义、列宁主义的思想内涵。

@@@@Xin Da Ya, originating from Chinese classic literature theory, is a set of norms for scholars to regulate their liberal behavior as well as the standards of the writing. As a matter of fact,Xin Da Ya is the spirit and soul of scholars who are the guide of the modern times. The scholars should be faithful to their belief and expectation, be ex-pressive to the fact and world affairs, and be elegant and the incarnation of the spiritual civilization. And Mao Zedong elucidates in communists’language which endows it with the thoughts of Marxism and Leninism.

本文首先对于在中国翻译界长期以来具有较大影响的严复"信、达、雅"之说进行剖析,认为"信、达、雅"中的"达"之标准没有单独设立的必要,将"信、达、雅"的三维标准简化为"意义"与"风格"的二维标准,提出了"翻译=意义×风格"之公式形式的标准。该标准以追求翻译要素的兼顾与均衡为理念,将"信、达、雅"这一基于中国古代文论的印象式评价,转化为现代数理式思维的定量描述,以适应新时代的要求。

This paper studies the influential translation theory of“faithfulness (Xin), expressiveness (Da) and elegance (Ya)”proposed by Yan Fu.The author argues that it is unnecessary to set up the standard of“expressiveness (Da)”separately and that the three-dimensional standard should be simplified and replaced by a two-dimensional standard of“meaning and style”, i.e.“Translation=Meaning×Style”.The newly proposed standard of translation attends to every element in translation in a balanced way.It transforms the evaluating criteria based on Chinese traditional aesthetic impression, as shown in“faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”, into a quantitative description reflecting modern mathematical thinking, so as to meet the demands of the new era.

从研究＂信＂、＂达＂、＂雅＂与医学翻译的关系入手,举例说明＂信＂、＂达＂、＂雅＂在医学英语翻译中的应用,力图证明严复的翻译三原则可以作为有效的翻译理论指导医学英语翻译。

The author of this essay intends to probe into Yan Fu’s three translating principles gover‐ning the practice of medical English through demonstrating examples and analyzing the relationship betw een the three principles and medical translation .

伊朗雅达油田地质条件复杂,为碳酸盐岩储层,具有高温、高压及多压力系统,并含有高浓度硫化氢及二氧化碳酸性气体。在2001到2003年间施工了5口探井,井深4 500~5 000 m,普遍钻井存在着机械钻速低、井漏、压差卡钻、高压沥青层侵入等突出问题,钻井周期长,安全快速钻井面临巨大的挑战。文中分析了雅达油田钻完井存在的难点以及优快钻井技术应用方案,包括灰岩地层压力检测技术、非渗透防卡钻井液技术、高效破岩及优选钻井参数、高压沥青层钻井技术为特色的雅达油田安全快速成井配套技术等,这些成果在雅达油田一期的井身结构、钻头选型、钻井提速和钻井液等方面进行了全面应用,平均机械钻速较前期提高40%以上,取得了显著的效益。

Yadavaran Oilfield of Iran has complex geologic conditions; it is a carbonate reservoir with high temperature and high pressure and multiple pressure systems, and contains acidic gases like high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, etc. Five exploration wells with depths of 4 500-5 000 m were drilled from 2001 to 2003, which all experienced outstanding issues of low rate of penetration, mud loss, differential sticking, heavy oil influx, etc. These wells were drilled with long drilling period, and so safe and fast drilling faced great challenge. This paper has analyzed the difficulties in drilling and completion operations and the application scheme of optimized fast drilling technology in the field, including pressure detection technique in limestone formation, non-permeate anti-sticking drilling fluid technology, highly efficient rock breaking and parameters optimization, heavy oil layer drilling technology, etc. These solutions were fully utilized in casing program, bi

对严复倡导翻译的三个原则——"信、达、雅"的理解,尤其是"雅",学界理解较为分歧。文章从严复代表性译作《天演论》的吴汝纶序、自序和译例言分析入手,认为在翻译中,严复最关心的是在"信"的基础上达到"达",而翻译像《天演论》这等精理微言,用汉以前字法、句法,不仅能达到"达",而且还能行远。既符合汉以前字法、句法的文体,又能表达精理微言者,非先秦诸子文体莫属。所以,严译三难中的"雅",其确指为先秦诸子文体,至为明确,学界不应概以"文雅"模糊掉他的本意。当然,以先秦诸子文体之雅言来翻译,针对的是有"精理微言"类的著作,而严复毕生所翻译的八部作品,均属此类,也是需要说明的。

Scholars disagree about the meaning of elegance from the triple principles of translation of Yan Fu .Based on the analysis of two prefaces and one introductory remark ,one from Wu Rulun ,the others from Yan Fu himself ,we can draw a conclusion that Yan Fu cared most that expressiveness on the base of faithfulness was the most valuable among the three difficulties of translation .As for the works of sorts of Evolution and Ethics ,which were thought as subtle thoughts ,using the vocabulary and syntax before the Han dynasty should be easy to be expressive and can go far .None but the style of pre-Qin thinkers serves the purpose that the style is not only before the Han dynasty but also subtle thoughts .Hence it is clear and definite that elegance should be performed as the style of pre-Qin thinkers .On this point academia should not blurr out his original idea with elegance .Of course translation with the style of pre-Qin think-ers is direct against the works of subtle thoughts .It needs