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双语推荐：HOX

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HOX基因是同源异形盒基因家族的一个亚家族,在进化上高度保守。HOX基因编码的蛋白是一类重要的转录因子,在胚胎发育中调节多个过程,包括细胞的生长、分化、凋亡、运动和血管生成等。近年来的研究发现,HOX基因的异常表达与恶性肿瘤密切相关。我们就有关HOX基因在肿瘤发生发展中的研究进展进行以下综述。
HOX gene belongs to a highly conserved subgroup of the homeobox superfamily .The HOX genes constitute a family of transcription factors that play key roles in embryonic development , regulating numerous processes , such us cellular growth, differentiation, apoptosis, motility and angiogenesis.The present review shows that there is a close relationship between aberrant expression of HOX genes and malignancy .This article summarizes briofly the advances in the research on HOX genes and their roles in tumor genesis .

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目的 检测骨髓嗜病毒整合位点1(MEIS1)基因在同源异形盒11(HOX11)+急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)细胞株和T-ALL患者骨髓细胞中的甲基化状态和表达水平,探讨其表达水平与其启动子甲基化的关系.方法 收集2009年1月至2011年12月北京大学人民医院北京大学血液病研究所38例T-ALL患者治疗前及其中29例治疗后完全缓解的T-ALL患者和8名健康供者的骨髓样本,及3株T-ALL细胞株(sil-ALL、DND41和RPMI);采用反转录(RT) PCR检测MEIS1、HOX11mRNA表达水平,采用重硫酸盐测序法、甲基化DNA免疫沉淀技术和启动子寡核苷酸微阵列芯片分析MEIS1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态和基因功能.结果 根据HOX11表达的高低,将38例T-ALL患者分为HOX11高表达(HOX11+)组(n=14)和HOX11低表达(HOX11-)组(n=24).HOX11+组患者骨髓中出现MEIS1基因启动子区域的甲基化.HOX11+组患者MEIS1基因启动子区域甲基化比率明显高于HOX11-组患者(76.8％比29.5％,P＜0.01).MEIS1 mRNA在治疗后完全缓解患者和健康供者骨髓中的水平低于患者治疗前骨髓中的水平(均P ＜0.05);MEIS1 mRNA在HOX11+ T-ALL细胞株(sil-ALL、DND41)中的表达明显低于HOX 11-T-ALL细胞株(RPMI) (0.392±0.226、0.378 ±0.317比1.059±0.533,均P＜0.05),在HOX11+组患者中的表达明显低于HOX11-组患者(0.462±0.281比0.916±0.437,P＜0.01);且MEIS1 mRNA的相对表达程度与HOX11mRNA的相对表达程度呈负相关(rs=-0.416,P＜0.01).MEIS1基因在T-ALL中的表达水平与其甲基化呈负相关(rs=-0.383,P＜0.01).结论 MEIS1基因启动子甲基化是导致其在T-ALL中表达下调或基因沉默的原因,HOX11可能负调控MEIS1基因的表达.
Objective To detect the status of methylation in promoter region of MEIS1 gene and its expression in cell lines and patients with HOX11 + T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and explore the relationship between the expression level of MEIS1 gene and methylation of CpG island in promoter region.Methods The methylation pattern in MEIS1 gene was detected with bisulfite sequencing PCR,DNA methylation immunoprecipitation and promoter oligonucleotide microarray.And the expression level of MEIS1 mRNA was detected with reverse transcription PCR in 3 T-ALL cell lines:sil-ALL,DND41 and RPMI as well as in 75 clinical bone marrow samples including 38 de novo T-ALL patients,29 complete remission T-ALL patients and 8 normal samples from January 2009 to December 2011.Results The expressions of HOX11 mRNA in the patients were classified into high expression(HOX11 +)groups(n =14) and low expression(HOX11-)groups(n =24).There was hypermethylation of CpG island in promoter region of MEIS1 gene in

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挥发性有机物(VOCs)是大气对流层重要的痕量组分,可通过光解和与OH自由基、NO3自由基、O3的化学反应过程而发生迁移转化.随着人类活动的加剧,VOCs在对流层大气化学中的作用越来越重要.本文总结了大气中 VOCs(包括烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、含杂原子的 VOCs)与 Ox、HOx、NOx的气相反应和它们大气降解过程的研究进展,分析了VOCs在臭氧和气溶胶形成中的定性和定量作用,进而展望了VOCs对流层大气化学研究前景.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are very important trace constituents of the troposphere. They can be transformed by photolysis and the chemical reactions with hydroxyl (OH), nitrate (NO3) radical and O3. With the severity of human activity, VOCs play a critical role in the atmospheric chemistry. This paper presents gas-phase reactions of selected classes of volatile organic compounds (alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogen-containing, oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing VOCs) with HOx, NOx and Ox species and the research progresses of their chemical degradation in the troposphere. The qualitative and quantitative roles of VOCs in the formation of ozone and aerosol are analyzed. The prospects of tropospheric chemistry of VOCs are described.

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同源异型盒（HOX）蛋白质是高度保守的转录因子，决定着包括人类在内的许多物种的部分生物性状的表达。 HOXA10基因通过调节下游基因及雌激素、孕激素的表达直接影响子宫的胚胎发育和着床。根据体内激素的调控作用，HOXA10基因在子宫内膜上呈周期性表达，其表达高峰发生在植入窗期。HOXA10基因在子宫内膜异位症（EMs）病变中表达对子宫内膜组织的“从头开始”发育过程是必要的。EMs患者的子宫内膜存在影响胚胎着床的诸多不利因素，提示胚胎着床失败可能是EMs患者不孕的主要因素之一。EMs患者通常不会出现HOXA10表达水平在黄体中期上升的现象，可以解释EMs是造成不孕的原因之一。
The homebox (HOX) proteins, as the highly conserved transcription factors, determine some body characteristics in many species,including human. HOXA10 is directly involved in the embryogenesis and embryo implantation in uterus by regulating the downstream genes, and estrogen and progesterone levels. In accord with hormones regulation, expression of HOXA10 gene in endometrium has a periodic profile, with the peak expression during the implantation window. Expression of HOXA10 gene in ectopic endometrium is one of important factors related with the “de novo” development of endometrial tissue. There are many factors, which influence embryo implantation, in ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis(EMs). It is well known that the embryo implantation failure is one of the main factors of infertility in EMs patients. EMs patients usually do not have the increased expression of HOXA10 in mid-luteal stage, which is one of the reasons of infertility.

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目的研究急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患儿染色体畸变所致融合基因与临床危险度分层及治疗的关系。方法采用多重RT-PCR方法检测儿童ALL的常见融合基因,结合染色体核型分析、免疫表型及临床资料对152例ALL患儿进行临床研究。结果 152例ALL患儿中有43例（29.5%）具有9种常见融合基因表达,包括TEL/AML1、BCR/ABL（P190）、BCR/ABL（P210）、E2A/PBX1、MLL/ENL、MLL/AF9、TLS/ERG、CBF/MYH11、Hox11。TEL/AML1融合基因阳性23例,其中1例放弃治疗,1例因早期治疗反应不良,评估为高危,其他21例均早期治疗反应良好,目前停药10例（停药时间4～30个月）,11例仍为完全缓解（CR）,1例停药18个月后骨髓复发。E2A/PBX1融合基因阳性4例,其中3例评估为中危,目前均CR中,1例因早期治疗反应不良,评估为高危,化疗过程中复发死亡;BCR/ABL（P190）阳性5例,BCR/ABL（P210）阳性3例,其中5例行骨髓移植治疗（4例移植后数月骨髓复发,1例CR中）,1例选择高危方案化疗后骨髓复发,另外2例临床未缓解,放弃治疗;MLL基因阳性2例,均评估为中危,1例MLL/AF9,经强化疗后目前已停药18个月,1例MLL/ENL,在化疗过程中复发,放弃治疗;TLS/ERG融合基因1例,早期治疗反应不良,经强化疗后达CR,目前已停药20个月;Hox11融合
Objective To investigate the relationship between fusion genes caused by chromosome aberration in children with ALL,and there clinical significance.Methods 1 52 children with ALL were enrolled in this study.Fusion genes were detected by Multiplex RT-PCR,Chromosome karyotyping was performed by conventional method and immunophenotyping was carried out by multi-color flow cytometry. Clinical data of the 1 52 patients were collected to study the clinical significance.Results In all 1 52 ALL children,9 kinds of fusion genes including TEL/AML1、BCR/ABL (P1 90 )、BCR/ABL (P21 0 )、E2A/PBX1、MLL/ENL、MLL/AF9、TLS/ERG、CBF/MYH1 1、Hox1 1 were detectable in 43 cases(29.5%).TEL/AML1 fusion gene was positive in 23 patients,among whom 21 had good responses to chemotherapy,one gave up treatment,another one showed high risk because of poor response to early treatment.Ten patients had completed chemotherapy,1 1 were CR,bone marrow relapsed in one patient after stopped chemotherapy for 1 8 mo

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目的：探讨小儿神经母细胞瘤组织中同源盒基因（ HOX） C9蛋白的表达与肿瘤发展及预后的关系。方法神经母细胞瘤患儿112例，手术中留取肿瘤组织，免疫组化染色法检测瘤组织中的HOXC9蛋白，分析其表达与神经母细胞瘤临床病理参数的关系；随访78例患儿，通过Kaplan-Merier法建立生存曲线，分析HOXC9蛋白表达量与患儿生存时间的关系。结果神经母细胞瘤组织中HOXC9蛋白的表达与患儿年龄及肿瘤临床病理分期、细胞分化程度、转移情况有关（P均＜0．05）；HOXC9蛋白表达与神经母细胞瘤患儿的生存时间有关（P＜0．01）。结论 HOXC9蛋白与神经母细胞瘤的发展和预后相关。
Objective To explore the correlation between the expression of homeobox genes ( HOX) C9 protein in neuroblastoma of children and the development as well as prognosis of tumor .Methods Collected specimens of surgical tumor tissues from 112 cases with neuroblastoma , to observe the expression of HOXC 9 protein by assay of immunohisto-chemical staining and analyze the association between the expression and clinicopathological feature of neuroblastoma .Fol-lowed up with 78 children, then established the survival curve with method of Kaplan-Merier and certificated the expression quantity of HOXC9 protein and survival time in children .Results The level of HOXC9 protein expression in neuroblasto-ma was associated with several factors , such as age of child , clinical tumor-node-metastasis stage , cell differentiation grade and metastasis status(all P<0.05).Expression of HOXC9 protein was identified correlated with survival time of children in neuroblastoma(P<0.01).Conclusion HOXC9

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探讨长链非编码RNA HOX转录反义RNA(HOTAIR)在乳腺癌组织和细胞中的表达情况及三氧化二砷(As2O3)对HOTAIR基因表达的影响。方法:实时定量PCR检测在乳腺癌癌旁组织与癌组织中长链非编码RNA HOTAIR mRNA的表达,筛选高表达HOTAIR的乳腺癌细胞株,检测As2O3对HOTAIR mRNA表达的作用。先观察比较乳腺癌与癌旁组织中HOTAIR的表达,再检测乳腺癌细胞株中HOTAIR的表达,以及As2O3作用后MCF-7细胞中HOTAIR的表达变化。结果:乳腺癌组织中HOTAIR mRNA表达量为0.011±0.005,癌旁组织未见表达;乳腺癌细胞株SKBR-3和MAD-MB-231细胞均未表达HOTAIR mRNA,MCF-7细胞株高表达HOTAIR mRNA(1±0.236);在As2O3作用下,MCF-7细胞中HOTAIR mRNA表达较空白组明显下降(P0.01)。结论:HOTAIR与乳腺癌的发展可能相关,As2O3可以抑制其表达。
Objective:To investigate the expression of long-chain non-coding HOX transcript antisense RNA(HOTAIR) in breast cancer tissues and cells,and effects of arsenic trioxide( As2 O3 ) on its expression. Methods:The expressions of long-chain non-coding HOTAIR mRNA in breast carcer tissue and pericarcinomatous tissue were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Breast cancer cell lines with high expression HOTAIR was screened,the effect of As2 O3 on the expression of HOTAIR mRNA was detected. The expressions of HOTAIR between breast cancer tissue, pericarcinomatous tissue and breast cancer cell lines were compared. The HOTAIR expression in MCF-7 cells treated with As2 O3 was detected. Results:The expression quantity of HOTAIR mRNA in breast cancer was 0. 011 ± 0. 005,no expression of HOTAIR was found in pericarcinomatous tissue. The HOTAIR mRNA expression was not found in SKBR-3 and MAD-MB-231 cells. The high expression of HOTAIR mRNA(1 ± 0. 236) was detected in MC

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同源异型域(Homeobox,HB)转录因子对于植物的生长发育具有重要的调控作用,主要涉及细胞分化、形态建成、内外环境信号应答等多个方面。为了研究该转录因子家族成员在水稻中的功能,构建了该家族成员OsHox9基因的RNAi表达载体,利用反向遗传方法分析该基因的功能。与野生型对照植株相比,RNAi转基因植株株高变矮,分蘖数减少。实时PCR表达分析表明OsHox9基因在有表型转基因植株中的表达下调,但在没有表型转基因植株中OsHox9表达量与野生型植株差异不显著,说明RNAi载体起到了干涉作用,转基因植株的表型是由RNAi造成的。组织特异性表达分析表明OsHox9在水稻的根、茎、叶、茎顶端分生组织及不同时期的幼穗中均有表达,但在茎顶端分生组织及幼穗中表达量较高。为了查明OsHox9的亚细胞定位,构建了OsHox9与绿色荧光蛋白GFP的融合载体并导入烟草叶片中进行瞬时表达,结果表明OsHox9定位于细胞膜上,在细胞膜上起作用。
The homeobox transcription factors play important roles in the growth and development of the plants, involved in regulation of cell differentiation,the architecture of morphogenesis and response to environmental signals in plants.To study the function of these transcription factors in rice,we constructed RNAi vectors of Os Hox9 and analyzed the function of Os Hox9 by the reverse genetics method.The results showed that the height and tiller number of RNAi transgenic plants were decreased in comparison with wild type plants.Real-time PCR analysis showed that Os Hox9 expression level was downregulated in transgenic plants with phenotype.However,the expression level of Os Hox9 in transgenic plants without phenotype was similar to wild type plants,suggesting that the phenotypes of transgenic plants were caused by RNAi effects.In addition,we also analyzed the expression pattern of Os Hox9 in different organs of rice.The results showed that Os Hox9 was expressed in different organs,especially

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Lhx1基因对于哺乳动物卵巢缪勒氏管的形成具有重要作用,但鱼类中的报道仅限于其在体轴和肾脏形成中的作用,尚未见到其与性别及性腺发育相关的报道。本研究克隆获得了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)Lhx1a和Lhx1b开放阅读框(ORF)序列,长度分别为1224 bp和1206 bp(GenBank注册号为:JX999940、JX999941),同源序列比较显示牙鲆Lhx1a和Lhx1b基因均具有两个LIM及一个HOX结构域,符合Lhx1进化保守性。这两个基因在牙鲆雌、雄成鱼各组织RT-PCR差异表达谱不尽相同,Lhx1a在精巢中弱表达,卵巢中不表达,在其他组织中雌、雄表达谱差异不大,都只在脑和眼组织有弱表达;而Lhx1b的表达在性腺中相对较高,且卵巢的表达量高于精巢。进一步检测牙鲆Lhx1a和Lhx1b在雌、雄性腺发育各期的表达谱,发现这两个基因表达集中于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期性腺,Lhx1a在精巢中弱表达,Lhx1b卵巢中的表达明显高于精巢,而在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ期性腺几乎均不表达。由此推断牙鲆Lhx1a和Lhx1b均为性别相关基因,但在两性性腺发育中的作用可能各有不同。
LIM homeobox protein 1 gene (Lhx1), was reported to play an important role in mammal mullerian duct development. But there is no report on this gene in fish so far, and only few papers studied its function during the formation of axis and kidney. In this study, the open reading frames of Lhx1a and Lhx1b were cloned from olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Their lengths are 1224 bp (GenBank Accession number, JX999940) and 1206 bp (JX999941), respectively. LHX1a and LHX1b proteins both have two LIM and one HOX highly conserved domains. The different expression patterns of Lhx1a and Lhx1b genes in male and female flounder tissues measured by RT-PCR showed that Lhx1a was expressed in testis but not in ovary. There are almost no expression signals in other tissues, and only brain and eye samples from both male and female individuals showed lower expression signals. The expression of Lhx1b in gonads was totally opposite to that of Lhx1a. Its expression in ovary is higher and that in test

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目的：探讨长链非编码RNA HOX 转录反义RNA( HOTAIR)在非小细胞肺癌( NSCLC)中的表达,及与临床病理及预后的关系。方法收集我院60例NSCLC手术切除标本(包括癌组织及对应的正常肺组织),qRT-PCR检测60例NSCLC中HOTAIR的表达,并分析其与临床病理及预后的关系。结果肺癌组织中的HOTAIR的表达水平(5．18±2．44)显著高于正常肺组织中的表达水平(3．54±1．65)( P <0．001)。NSCLC患者肿瘤组织中HOTAIR的表达水平与肿瘤的大小、分化程度及临床分期明显相关( P<0．05)。 HO-TAIR高表达者生存时间明显低于低表达者,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0．05)。 HOTAIR高表达组和低表达组的中位生存时间分别为46．03和52.9个月。结论 HOTAIR 在 NSCLC 组织中显著高表达,可能成为NSCLC判断预后和治疗的新的分子标记物。
Objective To examine the expression pattern of HOTAIR in NSCLC and to evaluate its clinical significance in tumor progression. Methods 60 specimens of NSCLC tissues and the paired normal tissues after sur-gery were collected from June 2007 to February 2008. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for HOTAIR expression was performed on cancerous and normal lung tissues. Results The expression level of HOTAIR was up-regulated in tumor tissues as compared with the paired normal lung tissues ( 5. 18 ± 2. 44 vs 3. 54 ± 1. 65 ) ( P <0. 05). The expression of HOTAIR was associated with differentiation, tumor size and TNM stages (P<0. 05). The high expression of HOTAIR was significantly correlated with overall survival of NSCLC (P<0. 05). The median sur-vival time of HOTAIR between the high expression group and the low expression group were 46. 03 and 52. 9 months, respectively. Conclusion The expression of HOTAIR is upregulated in tumor tissues and can serve as a potentia

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