[摘　　要]：

战国时期秦国军事物资保障的好坏是决定秦国能否统一天下的重要因素，因此对这一问题进行研究可以使我们了解战国时期秦国军事实力与物质生产的发展情况，了解秦国的政治决策，经济发展，军事演变等方面情况，从而加深对秦国统一的理解。本文共分五个部分对战国时期秦国军事物资保障问题进行探讨。第一部分阐述了战国时期秦国军事物资的筹措问题。秦国粮草的筹措主要是依靠国内的田税。秦国武器的筹措有四种方式，即“取用于国”，民间铸造，入甲赎罪，缴获的战利品等，其中“取用于国”是最主要的方式。另外，其它军事物资如战车，战船等主要依靠政府制造。影响军事物资筹措的主要因......更多

战国时期秦国军事物资保障的好坏是决定秦国能否统一天下的重要因素，因此对这一问题进行研究可以使我们了解战国时期秦国军事实力与物质生产的发展情况，了解秦国的政治决策，经济发展，军事演变等方面情况，从而加深对秦国统一的理解。本文共分五个部分对战国时期秦国军事物资保障问题进行探讨。第一部分阐述了战国时期秦国军事物资的筹措问题。秦国粮草的筹措主要是依靠国内的田税。秦国武器的筹措有四种方式，即“取用于国”，民间铸造，入甲赎罪，缴获的战利品等，其中“取用于国”是最主要的方式。另外，其它军事物资如战车，战船等主要依靠政府制造。影响军事物资筹措的主要因素有自然因素，人口因素和国家政策等三个方面。秦自然条件优越，同时秦政府又采取各种有效的措施，对军事物资的筹措产生了积极影响。第二部分阐述了战国时期秦国军事物资的储存问题。秦筹措来的军事物资主要贮藏在仓、库里。秦从中央到地方，按行政体制建立了各种仓库，秦粮仓有都仓和县仓两级，同时蜀郡等郡也有粮仓。武库的设置分三级，与粮仓的两级不同，即都库，郡库和县库，三级武库的统属关系明确；武库一般设在城内；武库不仅有贮藏功能，还是造器场所；并有刑徒和工奴进行生产。这都是秦武库的特点。第三部分阐述了战国时期秦国军事物资的管理问题。秦对军事物资的管理非常严格。粮草要进行分类，有序进仓；并且随时要注意增积；出仓时各类人员要各负其责；还非常注意安全保卫工作；秦尤其注意对军粮的管理，不准买卖军粮。秦对武器的管理实行计簿制度，以便于管理；对库内物资要经常查核其数量与质量。总之，秦对军事物资的管理可谓事无巨细，详细周到。第四部分阐述了战国时期秦国军事物资的供应问题。秦国粮草主要由国家供应，但还采取“因粮于敌”及同盟援助等手段。武器等军事物资由国家统一发放。士兵的衣服、钱等日用品由士兵自带。战时物资的供应离不开交通，秦交通工具发达，数量多，性能好，同时也开凿了很多交通要道，这对秦进行统一战争的军事物资的供应都提供了很好的条件。第五部分阐述了战国时期秦国军事物资保障系统中的职官问题。秦在全国从上到下设置了一系列相关职官来贯彻其方针政策。秦由执政大臣相邦或丞相承接国君管理全面事物，并设内史管理全国的经济，设少府管全国手工业。秦在地方由各郡县的最高长官管理各郡县的军事物资，还专设仓啬夫、库啬夫等官吏职掌粮草和武器的具体工作。总之，秦相关职官的设置完备而具体，制度严明关闭

Military supplies guarantee quality of Qin state during the Warring States Period is one of the most important factors that decided whether Qin state could unify the country. By studying it, we can understand Qin state's military strength and the development of material production, the information of Qin state's political decision, economic development, military evolvement and so on. So we can deepen the comprehension on Qin state's unifying the country.The article is divided into five sections to discuss military supplies guarantee o......更多

Military supplies guarantee quality of Qin state during the Warring States Period is one of the most important factors that decided whether Qin state could unify the country. By studying it, we can understand Qin state's military strength and the development of material production, the information of Qin state's political decision, economic development, military evolvement and so on. So we can deepen the comprehension on Qin state's unifying the country.The article is divided into five sections to discuss military supplies guarantee of Qin state during the Warring States Period.The first section discusses the issue about Qin state raising the military supplies during the Warring States Period. Qin state raising forage mainly depends on internal land taxes. There are four ways for Qin state to raise armament. The ways are taking from the state, founding privately, atoning by paying weapon and capturing from the enemy. Taking from the state is the uppermost way. In addition, other armament such as chariot, warships are mainly made by government. What influence raising military supplies mostly are nature factor, population factor and state policy. Qin state has excellent nature circumstances and the government took all kinds of effective measures. Those took active effect on raising military supplies.The second section discusses the issue about Qin state depositing military supplies during the Warring States Period. The military supplies that were raised by the state are deposited in storehouses. According to the administrative system, Qin state had established all kind of storehouses from the central to the districts. To classify, there were two kinds of barns in Qin state, Du barn and Xian barn. And there were barns in ShuJun and other Juns, too. Different from the barns, the armories were founded in term of three grades. They were Du armory, Jun armory and Xian armory. The subordination relationship of the three grade armories was clear. Armories were always built in cities. Armories can not only store weapons but also manufacture implements. And prisoners and working slaves had worked in them. These are traits of Qin state's armories.The third section discusses the issue about Qin state managing military supplies during the Warring States Period. Qin state took a lot of strict measures to manage military supplies. The forage must be sorted and be put into barns orderly. The officers should be attention to add storage and safeguard it. When the forages were taken out, the officer concerned should be with responsibility for it. Especially, Qin state prohibited purchasing or selling military forage. Qin state took registered system to manage the weapons. The amount and quality of the weapons in armories were often examined. In brief, Qin state managed the military supplies particularly and strictly.The fourth section discusses the issue about Qin state providing military supplies during the Warring States Period. The forages mostly were provided by the state. Foraying forages from the enemy and asking aid from the allies were used at the same time. The weapons were distributed systematically by the state. The soldiers took clothes and money themselves. Military supplies in wartime were in contact with traffic. Qin state had a lot of vehicles which had good capability. And the state had excavated many arteries. That offered good condition for Qin state providing military supplies when it unified the country.The fifth section discusses the issue about officers of Qin state's military supplies guarantee system during the Warring States Period. From the central to the district Qin state had set up a series of officers to carry out its policies. The premier of Qin state -- XiangBang or ChengXiang managed comprehensively under the king's control. NeiShi managed economy of the country. ShaoFu managed handicraft industry of the country. In district, the prime officer of the Jun and Xian managed the military supplies in them. And the state set up ChangSefu and KuSefu to manage forage and weapon concretely. In a word, the concerned officer system was complete, concrete and efficient.关闭