目的探讨流体力学泊肃叶定律在吸痰术中的应用。方法将收集痰液分成米汤样或白色泡沫样的稀痰与浊黄色凝成痂块的黏痰两种样品,在体外用小儿吸痰器测试6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种管径吸痰管在四种吸引压力(-0.01、-0.02、-0.03、-0.04MPa)下的吸痰效果。结果 6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种管径吸痰管,在吸引压为-0.01MPa时吸引5ml稀痰所需时间分别为38、12、5s;5ml黏痰时所需时间分别为600、600、357s。随着吸引压力由-0.01、向-0.02、-0.03、-0.04MPa的递增,6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种吸痰管在15s内吸引黏痰的量分别为0、0、0、0.27ml;0.125、0.25、0.83、0.15ml和0.21、0.83、2.5、3.75ml。结论吸痰必需综合评估吸痰管管径、吸引负压与痰液黏稠度这三者的关系;吸痰术中,低负压与粗吸痰管等效于高负压与细吸痰管;当吸引负压与导管口径不变时,稀释痰液成为降低流阻的最佳选择。

Objective To discuss the application of fluid mechanics Poiseuille law on sputum suctioning. Methods The sputum was divided into two samples of rice-water alike or white foam alike thin phlegm and turbid yellow sticky phlegm.The sputum suction effects under four suctioning pressure (-0.01,-0.02,-0.03,-0.04 MPa)were evaluated by testing three sized of pipe 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr using in vitro children sputum suction apparatus.Results The suctioning time of 5 ml thin phlegm in 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr three sizes of the pipe were 38,12 and 5 s under the suctioning pressure of -0.01 MPa,while the suctioning time for 5 ml sticky phlegm were >600,600,357 s.With the increasing of suctioning pressure from -0.01 to -0.02,-0.03,-0.04 MPa,the amount of sputum suction within 15 s of 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr three sizes of the pipe were 0,0,0,0.27 ml;0.125,0.25,0.83,0.15 ml and 0.21,0.83,2.5,3.75 ml. Conclusion The sputum suctioning needs to evaluate the relationship between size of the pipe,suctioning pr

通过物理模型试验资料分析,探讨了矩形渠道的糙率与渠道水深、弗汝德数的变化规律。分析得出:当底坡不变时,随着弗汝德数Fr的增大,糙率n值逐渐减小。在缓流渠道中,渠道糙率n随弗汝德数Fr变化的速率很快;在急流渠道中,渠道糙率n值随弗汝德数Fr的速率较慢。糙率系数n随水深h的变化关系与流态有关。缓流中,随着水深h的增大,糙率n值减小;急流中,当弗汝德数1Fr1.51时,糙率n值先是随着水深h的增大而减小,达到某一值后再随水深h的增大而增大;当弗汝德数Fr1.51时,糙率系数n随水深h的增大而增大。

Through the analysis of test data of physical model , The paper discussed the regularity of roughness changing with water depth and Froude number in rectangular channel .The result showed that when slope is constant ,with the increase of Fr , the roughness n value decreases gradually .In the slow flow channel ,the roughness value of n changes quickly with Fr;in the jet stream channel , the roughness value of n changes more slowly with Fr .That the roughness n changes with water depth relates to flow pat-tern.With the increase of water depth h , the value of n decreases gradually;when Fr is larger than 1 and less than 1.51, the value of n decreases first with the increase of h and then increases with the increase of h at a certain number;when Fr is larger then 1.51,the value of n increases with the increase of h .

功能性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形又名假性Ⅲ性合畸形是安氏Ⅲ类错颌畸形的一种。 FR －Ⅲ型矫治器常用于矫治功能性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形，尤其适用于儿童。本文对 FR－Ⅲ在矫治功能性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形方面的应用进行详细论述。

Functional class III malocclusion deformity is also know n as false III of class Ⅲ malocclusion a deformity .FR - Ⅲ appliance is commonly used in the treatment of functional class III malocclusion ,especially suitable for children .This paper discusses in detail the ap-plication of FR - in the treatment of functional class III malocclusion .

采用10对扩增片段长度多态性标记(AFLP)引物,对近年来从澳大利亚、法国、美国和菲律宾引进,并保存于国家甘蔗种质资源圃的68份甘蔗种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明:68份种质间的遗传相似性系数较高,为0.497 5～0.887 9,平均为0.761 2,表明大部分种质之间亲缘关系相近,遗传基础相似,遗传多样性并不丰富;各类种质间的平均遗传相似性系数以VMC型(菲律宾)最大,为0.825,Q型(澳大利亚)和CP型(美国)次之,分别为0.802和0.752,FR型(法国)最小,为0.685;在相似性系数0.676处可将68份种质分为5组,A组含CP67–412,B组含FR94–515,C组含FR96–626,D组含FR94–126,其余64份种质构成E组,占全部种质数的94.1%,A、B、C、D组4份种质与E组种质相比,亲缘关系较远,显示了独特的遗传组成;来自法国的种质资源具有较高的分散度,包含了较多的遗传信息。

We have studied the genetic diversity of 68 sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) germplasms imported from Australia (Q),France(FR),the United States(CP) and Philippines(VMC) and stored in the National Sugarcane Germplasm Resources Garden by taking the amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) marker technique.The result shows that the genetic similarity coefficient(GS) among 68 sugarcane germplasms is quite high,ranging from 0.497 5 to 0.887 9 with a mean value of 0.761 2,indicating that most of them have a close relationship with each oyher and a similar genetic base with each other,that there is no enough rich genetic diversity among 68 sugarcane germplasms.The order of the average GS coefficient is VMC(0.825),Q(0.802),CP(0.752) and FR(0.685) successively.The analysis by UPGMA indicates that the 68 foreign sugarcane germplasms can be divided into 5 groups (A-E) at a GS coefficient of 0.676.CP67-412,FR94-515,FR96-626 and FR94-126 belonged to group A-D respectively.The rest(64 sugarcane germp

目的观察鼻腔内窥镜下泪道支架植入术治疗泪道阻塞的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析山东省滨州市中心医院眼科2010年2月至2011年12月期间采用Fr7、Fr8和Fr9型泪道支架治疗19例(20只眼)泪道阻塞患者的临床资料,在患者泪道和鼻腔黏膜表面麻醉下经鼻腔逆行插入泪道支架,治疗泪道阻塞。术前对患者进行泪道造影和泪道冲洗,并确定泪道阻塞的部位,检查确定泪囊的大小,CT检查鼻泪管以确定鼻泪管的骨道粗细。术后1周每日冲洗泪道1次,之后每月冲洗泪道1次。归纳鼻腔内窥镜下泪道支架植入术治疗泪道阻塞的临床疗效。结果本组19例(20只眼)患者,术中均成功植入泪道支架,2只眼于术后3~5 d发生支架阻塞,经及时冲洗后泪道恢复通畅。术后对患者进行1~13个月的随访,平均10个月,溢泪症状消失、冲洗泪道通畅者19只眼(95%)。溢泪、冲洗欠通畅者1只眼(5%)。结论泪道支架植入术是一种新型治疗泪道阻塞的治疗方法,具有简便、安全和有效的优点。

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of lacrimal duct stent for nasolacrimal duct obstruction under nasal endoscope.Methods It was a retrospective study.Nineteen patients (20 eyes) of lacrimal duct obstruction using Fr 7,Fr 8 or Fr 9 type lacrimal stent produced by Shandong Furuida biological chemical co.Ltd since Feb.2010 in department of ophthalmology,Binzhou Cental Hospital were included in this study.Before the surgery,lacrimal duct imaging and lacrimal passage irrigation were taken to confirm the site of obstruction and the size of the lacrimal sac.CT scan was made to check the caliber of nasolacrimal canal bone road.Under topical anesthesia of lacrimal passages and nose mucous membrane,Fr 7,Fr 8 or Fr 9 type lacrimal stent was retrogradely inserted into nasal cavity.The lacrimal passages was irrigated once a day during the first week after operation,then once a month.There were 1-13 months followed-up was made and the clinical efficacy of lacrimal duct stent was observed.Re